Preface

Animal Science is an important field of biological sciences that covers research on captive and wildlife species, including domesticated animals. The research presented consists of primary studies in various animal biology fields such as genetics, nutrition, behavior, welfare, and animal production, to name a few.

The contributing authors come from diverse animal science fields, including animal welfare and health, ecology, neurobiology, anatomy, and physiology. This volume features a total of five peer-reviewed articles, published in Volume 2023 of Animal Science.

Chapter 1, titled "Ecology and Conservation of Mountain Ungulate in the Western and Trans-Himalayas, India", provides information on the status, ecology, and conservation of 20 ungulate species inhabiting the Himalayan region.

Chapter 2, titled "Alimentary System of Native Goat Breeds of Pakistan", provides an anatomical description of the alimentary system of goats in Pakistan. The chapter covers information on gross and microscopic anatomical features of the alimentary canal and highlights health and clinical issues associated with the goat alimentary system.

Chapter 3, titled "Pathology of Protein Misfolding Diseases in Animals", describes and discusses protein misfolding diseases. It explores recent developments in diagnostic techniques and discusses their pros and cons.

Chapter 4, titled "New Studies on the Gaits Displayed by Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene Fossil Horse Trackways", presents a refined method for assessing the gaits of fossil equids through the study of Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene fossil trackways. The results are utilized to explore the herding behaviors of prehistoric equids.

Chapter 5, titled "Role of Dopamine Receptors in Olfaction Learning Success", describes and discusses the biogenic amine neurotransmitters that contribute to olfaction success in honeybees.

> **Dr. Edward Narayan** School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
