**Part 3**

**Injuries & Traumas**

132 Hearing Loss

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Development of Children Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: The Early Years

**7** 

*India* 

**Hearing Loss in Minor Head Injury** 

Hearing loss is a common problem encountered in ENT practice. Recognition of hearing loss as a problem by the patient usually occurs when speech frequencies are affected or when there is a sudden hearing loss. Hearing loss following head trauma or head injury is a major medical problem in adults (Bergemalm P-O&Borg.E. 2001) as well as children (Hough JVD &Stuart WD, 1968). The loss may go unnoticed when the speech frequencies are not affected. Sensorineural hearing loss at high frequencies is a frequent finding associated with head injuries (H.Alexander Arts). Hearing impairment can be due to central or peripheral causes, middle ear or cochlea being the most common site of peripheral injury. The most pronounced injury is fracture of temporal bone (Dahiya.R &Keller J.D, 1999). In both clinical and animal experimental studies it has been shown that there are various sites of pathology ranging from hair cell damage and degeneration of the organ of corti, ischemia of the 8th nerve to damage of central auditory pathways (due to compromise of blood supply to the inner ear ) either partly or totally. In most cases hearing impairment dissipates during subsequent post traumatic period, but some times it may persist or

The causes of progression of hearing loss are not well known. Several explanations have been proposed such as development of perilymphatic fistula, secondary degenerative changes in cochlea following inner ear concussion possibly due to consequences of preexisting autoimmune disease (or trauma itself may initiate such a reaction towards specific inner ear proteins). Progression of hearing loss can be attributed to the synergistic effects

In developing countries roads are used not only by modern cars and buses, along with locally developed vehicles for public transport (three-wheeled scooter taxis, auto rickshaw's), scooters and motorcycles, bicycles, but also by rickshaws, and animal or human drawn carts that has resulted in disproportionate increase in road traffic accidents compared to developed countries. Minor head injuries (WHO 2004) constitute a major portion of all accidents. Evaluation of these patients revealed presence of hearing loss in the high

Evaluation of hearing loss in patients who sustain minor head injury has not been done in the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, this prospective study was done to evaluate the incidence of hearing loss and estimate its progression or regression by serial assessment

frequency range. Hence auditory assessment is needed in this group of patients.

between trauma, noise exposure, medication and meningitis.

**1. Introduction** 

progress.

over a period of six months

 Lingamdenne Paul Emerson *Christian Medical College, Vellore* 
