**2.1 Participants**

A total of 52 mothers took part in this study whose children presented hearing loss (n = 27) (HL Group) or children who were part of a normative/nonclinical sample (n = 26) (Normative Group). The children with hearing loss (HL) used Hearing Aids (HA - AASI Aparelho de Amplificação Sonora Individual) and had hearing parents. They were identified at CEDALVI/HRAC/USP (Center of Hearing, Language and Vision Disorders, in the Hospital for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, at University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil). The normative/nonclinical sample (n = 26) comprised two studies: the first evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention procedure (Bolsoni-Silva, Salina, Versuti & Rosin-Pinola, 2008) and the other evaluated the parental practices of separated/divorced mothers (Boas & Bolsoni-Silva, 2010).

### **2.2 Inventory**

The Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais (Interview Guide of Parental Educational Social Skills) - (RE-HSE-P - Bolsoni-Silva, Loureiro & Marturano, 2011)

Families of Children with Hearing Loss and Parental Educational Practices 101

consequent

Fig. 1. Average frequency of antecedent variables and behavior of children when the mother

y

3,00

antecedent

2,00

average frequenc

1,00

4,00

,00

times of the

externalizing

 right/wrong

various topics\* **Talk**

social skills \*

 behavior problem

day\*

2 The legends for every figure correspond to the ones from Figure 1.

clinical

nonclinical

talks to them.2

was used. It evaluates the occurrence and the quality of social skills applicable to educational practices and behavior of children, contingent to: starting conversation, asking questions in general (*Communication*), expressing positive and negative feelings and opinions (*Expressiveness*), affection, situations and strategies used to establish limits, identify children's behavior, what he/she likes and dislikes, accomplish promises (*Limits Establishment*). In total the inventory comprises 70 items and comprehends alpha of 0.846. They are organized into two factors: positive and negative interaction characteristics. The positive interactions are: educational social skills and infantile social skills. The negative ones are: negative practices and behavior problems.
