**7. Appendix 1**


**HC 9410** - Acidophilous *Picea* forests of the montane to alpine levels (*Vaccinio-Piceetea*)

#### **EUNIS CORRELATION:** G3.1

40 Biodiversity Loss in a Changing Planet

to advance in this issue. Remote sensing analyses of ecological phenomena at global scale are too general to meet regional and local monitoring requirements. Medium and high spatial resolution remotely sensed data, like Landsat TM and ETM+ sensors, have been widely used in ecological investigations and applications, because their suitability at regional and landscape scales. But there is a mismatch between broad-scale remote sensing and local scale field ecological data (Kerr and Ostrovsky 2003): the synoptic view of the remote sensing should be enhanced with *in situ* data and regional assessments should combine high spatial resolution satellite RS with on-the ground monitoring, and aerial photography or very high spatial resolution satellite RS in studying some habitats which are

To conclude, the upcoming standardized methodology should incorporate these recommendations. For habitat mapping through RS, expert knowledge and field measurements should be combined with key input variables and optimal algorithms related to each individual target habitat, implemented in a decision structure like a tree. At European level the new methodology should be based on the EUNIS system that meets the objectives and requirements of the Habitat Directive, the Convention of Biological Diversity and the new 2020 biodiversity targets. It should also look at the new possibilities of medium

**HC 9120** - Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with *Ilex* and sometimes also *Taxus* in the

**HC 91E0\*** - Alluvial forests with *Alnus glutinosa* and *Fraxinus excelsior* (*Alno-Padion*, *Alnion* 

**HC 91F0** - Riparian mixed forests of *Quercus robur*, *Ulmus laevis* and *Ulmus minor*, *Fraxinus excelsior* or *Fraxinus angustifolia*, along the great rivers (*Ulmenion minoris*)

**HC 9230** - Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with *Quercus robur* and *Quercus pyrenaica*

**HC 9410** - Acidophilous *Picea* forests of the montane to alpine levels (*Vaccinio-Piceetea*)

best monitoring at small scales (Hansen et al. 2004; Pereira and Cooper 2006).

**CLC 311 - Forest and semi natural areas / Forests / Broad-leaved forest** 

**HC 9180\*** - *Tilio-Acerion* forests of slopes, screes and ravines

shrublayer (*Quercion robori-petraeae* or *Ilici-Fagenion*)

and high resolution satellite images.

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** G1.62, G1.6

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** G1.A, G1.A4

*incanae*, *Salicion albae*) **EUNIS CORRELATION:** G1.1, G1.2

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** G1.7, G1.7B

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** G2.1, G2.12 **HC 9380** - Forests of *Ilex aquifolium*

**HC 9330** - *Quercus suber* forests **EUNIS CORRELATION:** G2.1, G2.11

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** G2.6

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** G1.2, G1.22, G1.223

**HC 9340** - *Quercus ilex* and *Quercus rotundifolia* forests

**CLC 312 - Forest and semi natural areas / Forests / Coniferous forest** 

**7. Appendix 1** 

**CLC 321 - Forest and semi natural areas / Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations / Natural grasslands** 

**HC 6170** - Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** E4.4,

**HC 6410** - *Molinia* meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (*Molinion caeruleae*)

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** E3.5, E3.51

**HC 6510** - Lowland hay meadows (*Alopecurus pratensis*, *Sanguisorba officinalis*)

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** E2.2

**CLC 322 - Forest and semi natural areas / Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations / Moors and heathland** 

**HC 4020\*** - Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with *Erica ciliaris* and *Erica tetralix*

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** F4.1

**HC 4030** - European dry heaths

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** F4.2

**HC 5130** - *Juniperus communis* formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** F3.1, F3.16

**CLC 323 - Forest and semi natural areas / Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations / Sclerophyllous vegetation** 

**HC 5130** - *Juniperus communis* formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** F3.1, F3.16

**CLC 331 - Forest and semi natural areas / Open spaces with little or no vegetation /** 

**Beaches, dunes, sands** 

**HC 2120** - Shifting dunes along the shoreline with *Ammophila arenaria* ('white dunes')

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** B1.3, B1.32

**HC 2130\*** - Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ('grey dunes')

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** B1.4

**CLC 332 - Forest and semi natural areas / Open spaces with little or no vegetation / Bare rocks** 

**HC 8130** - Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** H2.5, H2.5

**HC 8220** - Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** H3.1

**CLC 411 - Wetlands / Inland wetlands / Inland marshes** 

**HC 7230** - Alkaline fens

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** D4.1

**CLC 412 - Wetlands / Inland wetlands / Peat bogs** 

**HC 7110\*** - Active raised bogs

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** C1.4, D1.1, G5.6

**HC 7120** - Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration

Assessing Loss of Biodiversity in Europe

sands / Beaches and dunes

Rocky outcrops and screes

Steep bare rock areas (cliffs, etc.)

Wetlands / Inland wetlands / Inland marshes Wetlands / Inland wetlands / Peat bogs Wetlands / Maritime wetlands / Salt marshes Wetlands / Maritime wetlands / Intertidal flats

**52100** Water bodies / Marine waters / Coastal lagoons /

**52200** Water bodies / Marine waters / Estuaries Table 12. Corine Land cover European Nomeclature

**CODE DENOMINATION** 

**1150\*** Coastal lagoons

**1130** Estuaries

grasslands

**32112** 

**32312** 

Through Remote Sensing: The Necessity of New Methodologies 43

Forest and semi natural areas / Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations / Natural grasslands / High-productive alpine grasslands / Mediterranean high-productive

Forest and semi natural areas / Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations / Sclerophyllous vegetation / Mediterranean sclerophyllous bushes and scrubs / Not very

**<sup>33110</sup>**Forest and semi natural areas / Open spaces with little or no vegetation / Beaches, dunes,

**<sup>33210</sup>**Forest and semi natural areas / Open spaces with little or no vegetation / Bare rocks /

**<sup>33220</sup>**Forest and semi natural areas / Open spaces with little or no vegetation / Bare rocks /

**51110** Water bodies / Inland waters / Water courses / River and natural water courses

**51210** Water bodies / Inland waters / Water bodies / Lakes and lagoons

**1140** Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide

**2130\*** Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ('grey dunes')

Mediterranean, with *Isoetes spp.*

and/or of the *Isoëto-Nanojuncetea*

**3160** Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds

*Batrachion* vegetation

**3140** Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of *Chara spp.*

**4020\*** Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with *Erica ciliaris* and *Erica tetralix*

**2120** Shifting dunes along the shoreline with *Ammophila arenaria* ('white dunes')

**3110** Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains (*Littorelletalia uniflorae*) **<sup>3120</sup>**Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West

**<sup>3130</sup>**Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the *Littorelletea uniflorae*

**3260** Water courses of plain to montane levels with the *Ranunculion fluitantis* and *Callitricho-*

**3150** Natural eutrophic lakes with *Magnopotamion* or *Hydrocharition* -type vegetation

**3270** Rivers with muddy banks with *Chenopodion rubri pp* and *Bidention pp* vegetation

**1310** *Salicornia* and other annuals colonizing mud and sand

**<sup>32121</sup>**Forest and semi natural areas / Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations / Natural grasslands / Other grasslands / Other grasslands of mild-oceanic climate

**<sup>32122</sup>**Forest and semi natural areas / Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations / Natural grasslands / Other grasslands / Other mediterranean grasslands

dense Mediterranean sclerophyllous bushes and scrubs

#### **EUNIS CORRELATION:** D1.1, D1.121

**HC 7130** - Blanket bogs (\* if active bog)

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** D1.2

#### **CLC 421 - Wetlands / Maritime wetlands / Salt marshes**

**HC 1310** - *Salicornia* and other annuals colonizing mud and sand

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** A2.5

#### **CLC 423 - Wetlands / Maritime wetlands / Intertidal flats**

**HC 1140** - Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** A2.1, A2.4, A2.6

#### **CLC 511 - Water bodies / Inland waters / Water courses**

**HC 3260** - Water courses of plain to montane levels with the *Ranunculion fluitantis* and *Callitricho-Batrachion* vegetation

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** C2.1, C2.1B, C2.2, C2.28, C2.3, C2.34

**HC 3270** - Rivers with muddy banks with *Chenopodion rubri pp* and *Bidention pp* vegetation

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** C3.5, C3.53

#### **CLC 512 - Wetlands / Inland waters / Water bodies**

**HC 3150** - Natural eutrophic lakes with *Magnopotamion* or *Hydrocharition* -type vegetation

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** C1.3, C1.33

**CLC 521 - Wetlands / Marine waters / Coastal lagoons** 

**HC 1150\*** - Coastal lagoons

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** A1.3, A2.2, A2.3, A2.4, A2.5, A3.3, A5.1, A5.2, A5.3, A5.4, A5.5, A5.6, A7.1, A7.2, A7.3, A7.4, A7.5, A7.8, C1.5, C3.4

**CLC 522 - Wetlands / Marine waters / Estuaries** 

**HC 1130** - Estuaries

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** A1.2, A1.3, A1.4, A2.1, A2.2, A2.3, A2.4, A2.5, A2.6, A2.7, A3.2, A3.3, A3.7, A4.2, A4.3, A5.1, A5.2, A5.3, A5.4, A5.5, A5.6, A7.1, A7.3, A7.4, A7.5, A7.8 ,X01

Table 11. Correspondences between Corine Land Cover classification (3rd level) and habitats of Community interest, and correspondences between habitats of Community interest (HD) with EUNIS classification (only overlap, same and narrow relation) (Source: www.eunis.eea.europa.eu, last accessed May 2011)


**HC 3260** - Water courses of plain to montane levels with the *Ranunculion fluitantis* and *Callitricho-*

**HC 3270** - Rivers with muddy banks with *Chenopodion rubri pp* and *Bidention pp* vegetation

**HC 3150** - Natural eutrophic lakes with *Magnopotamion* or *Hydrocharition* -type vegetation

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** A1.3, A2.2, A2.3, A2.4, A2.5, A3.3, A5.1, A5.2, A5.3, A5.4, A5.5, A5.6,

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** A1.2, A1.3, A1.4, A2.1, A2.2, A2.3, A2.4, A2.5, A2.6, A2.7, A3.2, A3.3,

Table 11. Correspondences between Corine Land Cover classification (3rd level) and habitats of Community interest, and correspondences between habitats of Community interest (HD)

**<sup>31110</sup>**Forest and semi natural areas / Forests / Broad-leaved forest / Evergreen broad-leaved

**31210** Forest and semi natural areas / Forests / Coniferous forest / Needle coniferous forests

**<sup>31120</sup>**Forest and semi natural areas / Forests / Broad-leaved forest / Deciduous and marcescent

Forest and semi natural areas / Scrub and/or herbaceous vegetation associations / Natural grasslands / High-productive alpine grasslands / High-productive alpine

A3.7, A4.2, A4.3, A5.1, A5.2, A5.3, A5.4, A5.5, A5.6, A7.1, A7.3, A7.4, A7.5, A7.8 ,X01

with EUNIS classification (only overlap, same and narrow relation) (Source:

**31150** Forest and semi natural areas / Forests / Broad-leaved forest / River forest

grasslands of temperate-oceanic climate areas

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** D1.1, D1.121 **HC 7130** - Blanket bogs (\* if active bog)

**CLC 421 - Wetlands / Maritime wetlands / Salt marshes** 

**CLC 423 - Wetlands / Maritime wetlands / Intertidal flats** 

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** A2.1, A2.4, A2.6 **CLC 511 - Water bodies / Inland waters / Water courses** 

*Batrachion* vegetation

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** C3.5, C3.53

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** C1.3, C1.33

**HC 1150\*** - Coastal lagoons

**HC 1130** - Estuaries

**CODE DENOMINATION** 

woodlands

forest

**32111** 

**CLC 512 - Wetlands / Inland waters / Water bodies** 

**CLC 521 - Wetlands / Marine waters / Coastal lagoons** 

A7.1, A7.2, A7.3, A7.4, A7.5, A7.8, C1.5, C3.4 **CLC 522 - Wetlands / Marine waters / Estuaries** 

www.eunis.eea.europa.eu, last accessed May 2011)

**HC 1310** - *Salicornia* and other annuals colonizing mud and sand

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** C2.1, C2.1B, C2.2, C2.28, C2.3, C2.34

**HC 1140** - Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** D1.2

**EUNIS CORRELATION:** A2.5


Table 12. Corine Land cover European Nomeclature


Assessing Loss of Biodiversity in Europe

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Table 13. Habitats of Community interest (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) denomination
