**5. Conclusions**

Yeasts belong to gastrointestinal microbiota even though they are not as frequent as the bacteria or archea. However, it does not disclude their importance for the host and for the members of the complex microbial community. Despite long time of research, whereas our knowledge on bacterial intestinal communities has increased dramatically during last decade, still only little is known on the intestinal yeasts. This review provides an overview on what has been done in the field of intestinal yeast research up till now, and the reader surely agrees that much more work needs to be done. Not only the diversity of the intestinal yeasts and its changes depending on different conditions shall be further uncovered. The importance of yeasts for the host and the interplay between yeasts and other members of the intestinal milieu is also waiting to be explored. New cultivation techniques; cultivation combined with molecular techniques will need to be further developed to overcome the existing limitations.
