**4. Conclusions**

For *Dendrolimus*, beside of population control, there were a few evidences for genetic structure and population differentiation of them. For such aspect, this paper may be a more effective approach, and morphological diversities, allozyme, RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, mitochondrial DNA and SSR should be the best probe tools.

The results shows that a very high level of genetic differentiation and a very low gene flow among the species of populations of *D*. *punctatus* When *Nm* < 1, the mutational pressure is not strong enough to prevent that allele from reaching high frequency, gene flow can't counterbalance genetic drift, and genetic drift will result in substantial local differentiation. There are great differences on genetic diversity of *Dendrolimus* populations in different forest stands and site conditions. The correlations between the genetic index and ecological and geographic factors are significant.
