**3. Application and importance of loesses of the area**

In general, loesses deposits have economical, industrial and scientific applications. Economic application of loesses is mainly from the view point of soil fertility and high productivity of agricultural products. Loessic area are mainly dry-farming lands and are allocated to cultivation of products such as wheat, barley, sun flower, grain, etc. From the view point of industry, loesses are used in manufacture of brick and pottery. There are a number of factories in the studied area which are producing bricks. Scientifically, the loesses are considered as the most important continental materials which are proxy indicators of Quaternary climatic changes. The study of loesses is also important in Archeology. The evidence obtained from central Asia is also indicator of this fact that most archeological findings from loesses are related to mild climatic conditions (Liu, 1988).

Investigation of Effective Factors on Runoff Generation and

texture of the deposits.

sediment production.

Sediment Yield of Loess Deposits Using Rainfall Simulator 117











percentage of clay. They presented this relationship as a regression equation

soils such as retainment of water in soil and resistance to infiltration.

size and the amount of organic matter of the deposits and slope of plot.

amounts of cations, sodium absorption ratio and clay.

between runoff and amount of erosion.

sediment production then vegetation.

more than 100t/h/y.

Picture 1. View of loess thickness in the studied area (route to Gharnagh village)
