**14. References**

Agarwal A, Goel A & Gupta K C, *Textile Dyers and Printer*, 25(10), (1992), 28 Agarwal A, Garg A & Gupta K C, *Colourage*, 39(10) (1992) 43. Agarwal A, Paul S and Gupta K C , *Indian Text J*, (1) (1993) 110. Bansal S & Sood A, Textile Magazine, 42 (8), (2001), 81 Bhattacharya S K, Dutta C & Chatterjee S M, *Man-made Textiles in India*, (8) (2002) 207. Blanc R, Espejo T, Montes A L, Toress D, Crovetto G, Navalon A & Vilchez J L, *J Chromatography A*, 1122 (2006) 105 Balankina G G, Vasiliev V G, Karpova E V & V I Mamatyuk, *Dyes Pigm*, 71(2006) 54. Bhattacharya N, in Proceeding of convention of Natural Dyes edited by Deepti Gupta & M.L Gulrajani, Department of Textile Technology, IIT Delhi, 1999, 134 Benencia F & Courreges M C, *Phytomed*, 6 (2) (1999) 119. Bhattacharya S K, Chatterjee S M & Dutta C , *Man-made textiles in India*, (2004) 85 Bain S , Singh O P & Kang K , *Man-made textiles in India*, 45(8) (2002) 315. Bhattacharya S D & Shah A K , *J Soc Dyers Color*, 116 (1) (2000) 10. Bains S , Kaur K & Kang S , *Colourage*, 52 (5) (2005) 51. Bains S, Kang S & Kaur K , *Man-made Textiles in India,* 46(6) (2003) 230. Bhuyan R, Saikai C N &Das K K, *Indian J Fibre Text Res*, 29(12) (2004)429, 470.

mariegold etc have good rubfastness (Samanta et al, 2006; 2007; 2010 & 2011). Good rub fastness is seen for mariegold on cotton, silk and wool (Sarkar et al, 2005; Sarkar, 2006). Good rub fastness (dry and wet rubfastness) is reported for silk dyed with acalypha and other natural dyes (Mahale et al, 1999; 2002 & 2003). Cutch and ratanjot shows moderate to good dry rub fastness but the wet rub fastness is found to be average (Khan et al, 2003 &

Most of the natural dyes/ colour are eco-safe, except a few. Some of the natural colours are not only eco-safe, but also has added value for its medicinal effects on skin and are more than skin friendly. Textile dyers must know the chemistry of these natural colours and its added advantages of medicinal; values. Use of suitable binary opr ternary mixtures of similar or compatible natural dyes for colouring natural eco-friendly textiles in variety of soothing / uncommon shades with eco-friendly mordants and finishing agents are the most desireable product of the customers for future. The non-reproducibility and poor colour fastness etc, have been partly solved by many researchers' continuous effeorts in this endevour. So, a textile dyer must know the effects of variability for extraction, mordanting and dyeing and should follow only the standardized recipe for selection fibre-mordantnatural dye system to get reproducible colour yield and colour matching besides to follow different eco-friendly ways to improve colour fastness to a possible extent. This chapter is a highlight of all these efforts towards popularizing natural dyeing not only in small/cottage dyers but also textile yarn/fabrics industrially using common dyeing machine. Some of the study mentioned above explained this clearly. So, natural dyeing/colouration of textiles by industrial processes in large scale dyeing unit is now a reality in the textile market of eco-

Agarwal A, Goel A & Gupta K C, *Textile Dyers and Printer*, 25(10), (1992), 28

Bhattacharya S K, Dutta C & Chatterjee S M, *Man-made Textiles in India*, (8) (2002) 207.

Balankina G G, Vasiliev V G, Karpova E V & V I Mamatyuk, *Dyes Pigm*, 71(2006) 54.

Bhattacharya S K, Chatterjee S M & Dutta C , *Man-made textiles in India*, (2004) 85

Bain S , Singh O P & Kang K , *Man-made textiles in India*, 45(8) (2002) 315. Bhattacharya S D & Shah A K , *J Soc Dyers Color*, 116 (1) (2000) 10.

Bains S, Kang S & Kaur K , *Man-made Textiles in India,* 46(6) (2003) 230.

Bhuyan R, Saikai C N &Das K K, *Indian J Fibre Text Res*, 29(12) (2004)429, 470.

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Bains S , Kaur K & Kang S , *Colourage*, 52 (5) (2005) 51.

2006).

**13. Concluding remark** 

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**4** 

*1Thailand 2Czech Republic* 

**Natural Dye from Eucalyptus** 

**Leaves and Application for Wool** 

Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit1, Jiří Kryštůfek2,

*Design, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, 2Department of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Engineering,* 

Jakub Wiener2 and Jarmila Studničková2

*Technical University of Liberec, Liberec,* 

**Fabric Dyeing by Using Padding Techniques** 

*1Department of Textile Chemistry Technology, Faculty of Industrial Textile and Fashion* 

Natural dyes are known for their use in colouring of food substrate, leather, wood as well as natural fibers like wool, silk, cotton and flax as major areas of application since ancient times. Natural dyes have a wide range of shades that can be obtained from various parts of plants, including roots, bark, leaves, flowers and fruits (Allen, 1971). Since the advent of widely available and cheaper synthetic dyes in 1856 having moderate to excellent colour fastness properties, the use of natural dyes having poor to moderate wash and light fastness has declined to a great extent. However, recently there has been revival of the growing interest on the application of natural dyes on natural fibers due to worldwide environmental consciousness (Samanta & Agarwal, 2009). Although this ancient art of dyeing with natural dyeing with natural dyes withstood the ravages of time, a rapid decline in natural dyeing continued due to the wide available of synthetic dyes at an economical price. However, even after a century, the use of natural dyes never erodes completely and they are still being used. Thus, natural dyeing of different textiles and leathers has been continued mainly in the decentralized sector for specialty products along with the use of synthetic dyes in the large scale sector for general textiles owing to the specific advantages and limitations of both natural dyes and synthetic dyes. The use of non-toxic and ecofriendly natural dyes on textiles has become a matter of significant importance because of the increased environmental awareness in order to avoid some hazardous synthetic dyes. However, worldwide the use of natural dyes for the colouration of textiles has mainly been confined to craftsman, small scale dyers and printers as well as small scale exporters and producers dealing with high valued ecofriendly textile production and sales (Samanta & Agarwal, 2009; Bechtold & Mussak, 2009; Vankar, 2007). Recently, a number of commercial dyers and small textile export houses have started looking at the possibilities of using natural dyes for regular basis dyeing and printing of textiles to overcome environmental pollution caused by

**1. Introduction** 

