**VS–VN**

42 Neuroimaging for Clinicians – Combining Research and Practice

Fig. 4. Flow of a trial. The visual spatial cue indicated spatial information but provided no information about the cue–target interval. The cue was lit for 100 ms, and after the cue–

Behavioural data were derived from the performance during the fMRI experiment. The reaction time for each task (Table 2) was computed from the data for the 16 subjects (the

From the imaging results comparing the visual tasks with the other tasks, all of the visual tasks activated the bilateral visual association cortex (BA18/19, Brodmann area). In VN, significant activation occurred only in the visual association cortex (BA18/19). From the imaging results comparing the auditory tasks with the other tasks, all of the auditory tasks activated the bilateral visual association cortex (BA18/19) because in the auditory tasks, the cues were visual as they were in the visual tasks. In addition, all of the auditory tasks activated the bilateral primary and auditory association cortex (BA41/42). In AN, significant activation occurred only in BA18/19/41/42. Therefore, as a baseline, we used VN for the

This study focused on visual spatial attention, visual temporal attention, auditory spatial attention, and auditory temporal attention. Fig. 3 compares the activation in VS–VN, VT–

Task Mean reaction time (ms)

target interval (300 or 1,800 ms), the target was illuminated for 50 ms.

VS 364 (72.9) VT 373 (58.6) VN 390 (62.5) AS 394 (82.4) AT 448 (93.1) AN 460 (86.2)

Table 2. Reaction time during each task (±SD)

visual tasks and AN for the auditory tasks.

**2.3 Results** 

**2.3.2 fMRI data** 

**2.3.1 Behavioural data** 

average of 16×55=880 trials).

VN, AS–AN, and AT–AN.

The areas of significant activation are shown in Fig. 5, and the right frontal cortex had more activations than the left. In the parietal cortex, BA7/40 was activated bilaterally, and the visual cortex had more activations on the left.
