**6. Conclusion**

An in-depth knowledge of intracranial and extracranial collateral anastomoses, overt or hidden, is crucial for a neurointerventionist to devise optimal endovascular strategies to manage a host of pathological conditions; to ascertain potential pitfalls; and ultimately, to avoid complications that could have been prevented by a better understanding of underlying vascular anatomy. As the scope and extent of endovascular interventions for cerebrovascular and cranial disease continues to expand, the recognition of these putative anastomoses will continue to become a larger part of diagnostic evaluation and interventional design.
