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**Staining of Amyloid Beta (Abeta) Using** 

**Abeta42 Specific Peptides** 

*3Forschungszentrum Jülich, ICS-6, 52425 Jülich,* 

*Institut für Physikalische Biologie and BMFZ, Düsseldorf,* 

*4Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,* 

*1,2USA 3,4Germany* 

**(Immuno) Histochemical Techniques and** 

*1Dept. Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. 2Dept. Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,* 

Thomas van Groen1,2, Inga Kadish1, Aileen Funke3 and Dieter Willbold3,4

In the elderly, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia (Hebert et al., 2003). The two pathologies that characterize the disease are the presence of large numbers of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular neuritic plaques in the brain (e.g., Braak and Braak, 1991; 1998; Selkoe, 2001). Neurofibrillary tangles consist of hyperphosphorylated, twisted filaments of the cytoskeletal protein tau (e.g., Duff, 2006), whereas plaques are primarily made up of amyloid β(Aβ [Selkoe, 2001; Dickson and Vickers, 2002]), a 39-43 amino acid long peptide derived from the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP [Selkoe, 2001; Vetrivel and Thinakaran, 2006]). When APP is sequentially cleaved by the β-secretase and γ-secretase, one of the resulting breakdown product is Aβ, in contrast, initial cleavage by α-secretase (in the middle of the

Most cases of AD are sporadic, however approximately 5 % of AD cases are familial (Price and Sisodia, 1995; Selkoe, 2001), these cases are related to mutations in the genes for APP, and presenilin 1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2 [Price and Sisodia, 1995; Hardy, 1997; Selkoe, 2001]). Transgenic mice expressing mutated human AD genes offer a powerful model to study the role of Aβ in the development of pathology (e.g., Duff and Suleman, 2004; McGowan et al, 2006). The present study employs three lines of transgenic mice expressing both human APPswe and/or PS1 mutations. These lines of mice develop elevated levels of Aβ42 at

Two lines of APP and PS1 single and double transgenic mice (**AP/PS**) were used in the present study. The first line of mice was generated from matings between APPswe and

Aβ sequence) leads to production of APPsα and the C83 peptide (Selkoe, 2001).

different ages, and at different locations (Van Groen et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2003).

**1. Introduction** 

**2. Materials and methods** 

**2.1 Animals** 

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