**1. Introduction**

The question arises as to what is the purpose of higher education [1], especially postgraduate education, and whether there are guiding principles [2]. Undoubtedly, before answering this question, it is necessary to know the social and legal context in which education is developed and whether this context will have an impact on it [3–10].

In many countries there are social demands that go beyond education [11]: change in the development model, which demands more equality, less discrimination; more kindness, less authoritarianism; more tolerance, less marginalization; more truth, less disguises; more life, less obscurantism; more diversity, less rejection of those who are different; and more than that, full respect for diversity, more integration, less human suffering; more rights, more dignity and recovery of natural resources [12]. Demands that have been taken up by political parties and civil associations everywhere [13].

Social organizations everywhere invite us today to advance resolutely in the solution of these problems so that human rights can be exercised by all. This requires promoting a greater development of the culture of human rights, strengthening education in these matters, introducing reforms to the legal order, strengthening justice and establishing social policies to overcome poverty, marginalization and psychological integrity,

punishing racism, putting an end to profit-making in education and establishing free, quality public education. In order to achieve such effectiveness, it is urgent to energetically position human rights in the State, so that all its organs, institutions and instances allow its exercise, while transforming the State into an authentic Social and Democratic State of Law, and also to reform Justice, continue ratifying international conventions on fundamental rights including those of the International Labor Organization, guarantee the exercise of fundamental rights with constitutional actions for their enforcement, promote the decentralization of politics through the creation of mechanisms that allow greater participation of the people in political decision making, such as plebiscites, referendums, and referendums, such as plebiscites, referendums and popular consultations, creating state institutions such as the Ombudsman to reduce bureaucracy in access to state mechanisms, developing an international policy based on human rights, solidarity and reciprocity, proposing the inclusion in trade and economic integration agreements of norms on human rights and social policies, promoting legal reforms for a better exercise of human rights, the establishment of a full democracy by creating a new constitution that ultimately changes those aspects that prevent the full exercise of human rights. All the above is already proposed and recognized in the different international conventions and in the United Nations Charter itself.

It is necessary to establish as a society a comprehensive proposal to overcome the inequities that the current model of society has produced and to begin with, gathering the social demands, the following should be agreed upon [14–20]:


A State policy focused on full respect for human rights can only be the product of a democratic society project based on the development of international law and science, where social and political actors, civil society, culture and individual acts are the reflection of a deep conviction: respect for the other, recognition of diversity, acceptance of pluralism.

If we understand that a university is par excellence the natural center for the free development of thought and ideas at the highest academic level, we can conclude that the academic units that emanate from it must enhance and outline this role to the rest of society [21].

Accepting, as an essential basis of the work of the University, the revaluation and enhancement of the concept of citizenship as an axis of basic development of a democratic system, this institution should be a natural axis of articulation of knowledge and deepening of matters related to human rights and humanitarian law and its natural relationship with civil liberties and the deepening of democracy [22].
