**8. Recommendations**

The results revealed that universities in South Africa and Zimbabwe have online technologies that should be useful in disastrous period. The implementation of these technologies during normal times was partially done. This has contributed to user capabilities problems, exacerbated by infrastructure challenges both in software and hardware at institutional level and domestically at residential homes. Obviously running online lectures and examination became a big challenge. Looking at these scenario universities are encouraged to set up technological infrastructure that can promote easy migration from face to face to virtual lessons. Universities must make

*Education Innovations during COVID-19 Pandemic: "A Case of Zimbabwe and South Africa… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109066*

use of available digital tools and enhance training to students to familiarize with online learning tools. Advanced proctoring apps, biometrics and robotics may successfully be implemented in managing virtual interactions, teaching, and manning examinations.
