**2. Two types of human resource development programs for future strategy design**

The Future Strategy Design Promotion Conference, with a focus on industry and academia collaboration, aimed to develop two types of new human resources: (1) business producers and (2) system creators. The conference attendees mainly focused on adult education. Based on the results of these studies, the research team in this paper worked on the development of programs and demonstrated their efficacy in university education. Specifically, the research team worked to develop hybrid-type group work exercises for business producers and hands-on training-based education for system creators.

#### **2.1 Hybrid group work exercises for business producers**

In response to future SDG- and CE-related issues, new human resources who can formulate SDG/CE business scheme documents are necessary and have been referred to as business producers. Considering the characteristics of education methods, the curriculum for hybrid group work exercises that consist of PBL and AL methods was proposed.

The theme of PBL was that the whole team (about eight learners) worked together at the beginning of class to create a business concept plan that could solve social issues related to SDGs/CE by adopting an MSP business model. The final educational goal was to ensure learners could formulate and propose a unique SDG/CE business scheme through collaborative AL by dividing one team into four different groups. Four different types of groups (each group had about two learners) and the business contents of each group are shown below:

Group 1—Business process model.

Group 2—SDGs/CE product planning and digital marketing.

Group 3—DX smart product design.

Group 4—Sharing platform services.

#### **2.2 Hands-on training program for system creators**

To enable the four types of groups to formulate the aforementioned SDG/CE business scheme, a prerequisite was for the groups to learn theories and mechanisms for the various advanced technologies described (e.g., IoT, platforms, AI, VR/AR, and metaverse). These learners equipped with specialized knowledge are referred to as "system creators."

It is not possible to understand the mechanisms of various advanced technologies simply by reading technical books or attending lectures. Therefore, our research team decided to develop and demonstrate new hands-on training programs that allowed learners to experience the technologies and theories discussed by themselves. Therefore, the training systems for this hands-on training program were designed in relation to the STEM education program mentioned above and were developed using computer education devices, software, and various platforms (e.g., Micro:bit and obniz for IoT platform, and Spatial for the metaverse) described later.
