**4. Results and discussion**

#### **4.1 IL and demographics**

RQ1: What is the level of IL among students? How is it affected by demographic parameters, such as gender, type of study major, and study year?


#### **Table 4.**

*Descriptive statistics of the ILT score (N = 561).*

In the ILT test, students achieved a moderately high mean level of IL at 67.63% (**Table 4**). The lowest value was 20% and the highest 100%. Histogram shows a normal-like distribution of ILT scores (**Figure 1**).

The influence of demographic parameters on ILT scores was studied next (**Figure 2**). No statistically significant difference in IL level was found between male and female students or between the main two types of study majors (natural sciences and social sciences). There was only a 1% difference between groups in both demographic categories. Significant difference was observed only between the year 2 and years 3–4 students (6% difference). This could indicate that students did not have enough opportunity to practice their IL skills in the first two years, probably due to the curriculum with the traditional basic courses, while in the later years, with the specific elective courses, students were more likely to develop the IL skills due to the nature of the assignments and active learning. The lack of a difference

**Figure 1.** *ILT score distribution (N = 561).*
