**1. Introduction**

450 Neuroimaging – Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience

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The IASP has defined central pain as initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS)" (Merskey, 1986). A more recent and specific definition describes central pain as "pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the central somatosensory system" (Treede et al., 2008). This definition recognizes that a disturbance of the central somatosensory system is the essential feature of central pain. A disturbance of this system applies to all central pain conditions, although they exhibit great variability across different etiologies. This chapter includes structural and functional imaging results, as well as the results of psychophysical studies, as they complement the imaging results. There is some overlap between the content of this chapter and our previous reviews of this topic (Veldhuijzen et al., 2007;Greenspan et al., 2008;Veldhuijzen et al., 2011).
