**6. Conclusions**

In this chapter, we highlighted the role of ERP research in the field of cognitive and social neuroscience. We introduced the ERP methodology and then a selective description of main components was developed. Subsequently, some representative fields of ERP research on the neural basis of language, emotion, empathy and decision-making cognition were presented. Finally, complementary methodological approaches (sleep research, intracranial recordings, source location in dense arrays and fMRI-ERP co-recordings) were introduced, highlighting the broad horizons of ERP research. By providing the fine, temporal brain dynamics of social and cognitive processes in normal, psychiatric and neurological participants, ERP research constitutes an important branch of human neuroscience.
