**5. The extension of knowledge governance framework**

Knowledge governance has two main interpretation levels in the early literature: the company- (micro-) and the national (macro-) level. For example, knowledge governance has been discussed as a profitability issue at the company level and as an effectiveness issue at the government level in the research project series of the University of Bonn. Whitley (2000) conceptually classified knowledge governance as: 1) *enterpreneurial knowledge governance* based upon knowledge codification and privatization, and the organizational methods of generation and usage of new corporate knowledge, and 2) *associative knowledge governance*, which addresses the macro-level distribution of the complex forms of knowledge.


Table 2. Development of Knowledge Governance Models

Entrepreneurial and associative knowledge governance are simultaneously evolving narratives sharing many similarities such as the inclusion of holistic approaches and highlevel planning and control functions. Smits and Moor composed an indicator system to measure the effectivity of corporate knowledge management, dubbing it the "Knowledge Governance Framework" (Smits & Moor, 2004), while Mariussen used it to address the integration of the knowledge system and managing on a nation-state level (Mariussen, 2003).

However, we could successfully define and describe 3 levels with their main characteristic features with Nikunj Dalal, adding the *Global Knowledge Governance* (Dalal & Z. Karvalics, 2009) to the basic model. And, finally, the model has currently upgraded with the *Personal Knowledge Governance* layer.
