**8. Effect of temperature and substrate composition on biogas production**

As mentioned previously, the temperature and substrate compostion have a high effect on biogas production. Their effects are confirmed by the study published by several researchers. As an example the results, obtained by Derbal et al. (Derbal & al., 2011) can be cited.

The obtained values of different parameters of the (co)-digestion experiments under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions are presented (see figure 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). It should be noted that the volume of the mesophilic co-digester which is 2000 m3 is 20 times larger than pilot scale digesters 500 l. Therefore, the absolute biogas volume produced is different from the other cases and no comparison can be made. However, a comparison for different parameters is presented as follows:

Fig. 2. Comparison of gas production (GP)

Figure 2 represents daily average biogas production values for the four studied cases where the thermophilic co-digestion shows the best results. Eventhough temperature has a certain effect on biogas production, adding solid waste is a contributing factor to this production. In fact, solid wastes contain a high percentage of organic matter.

The use of gas production rate GPR as a comparison parameter led us to include the data from the industrial scale digester. The results shown on Figure 3 confirm that the combined effect of temperature and solid waste addition is positive and considerable. Moreover, thermophilic co-digestion presents the best GPR results wich are confirmed by values of

Production of Biogas from Sludge Waste and Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste 163

Figure 5 presents the comparison of COD removal in the different studied cases. It increased from 24% for wastewater sludge alone under mesophilic conditions to 49.35% for wastewater sludge mixed with solid waste under thermophilic conditions. Moreover, for TVS thermophilic, co-digestion presents the best removal rate, 52.93%, as shown in Table 5. As a treatment system, anaerobic co-digestion under thermophilic conditions presents the best removal rates as well as specific gas production. It should be noted that changing working conditions from mesophilic to thermophilic ones increases anaerobic kinetic rates and as such the treatment capacity of a known volume will be increased as well. Adding solid waste

contributes to the increase of biodegradable organic matter in the substrate (Figure 6).

As a conclusion of this sludy, the obtained results show that thermophilic co-digestion gives the best results. Although the temperature has an effect on the biogas production, it remains however quite relative compared to the effect of solid waste. These results confirm that the combined effect of the temperature and solid waste improves considerably the biogas production rate (GPR). The moving from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions, for waste sludge alone makes GPR pass from 0.18 to 0.39 m3/m3\*d and for the waste sludge mixed

The analysis of produced biogas showed that the percentage of biomethane is very high 60.37 and 64.44 for the digestion of sludge waste in mesophilic and thermophic phases, respectively and 65.8 and 60.61 for the co-digestion of solids waste with sludge waste in

Due to the importance of anaerobic digestion as a treatment process, different dynamic models exist, such as the AM2 which was developed jointly by researchers of the INRA of Narbonne and the INRIA of Sophia-Antipolis in 2001 (Olivier et al., 2001). It is based on experimental results obtained on the fixed bed reactor of the INRA of Narbonne. This model is made of two steps: acidogenesis and methanogenesis corresponding to acido-acetogens and methanogens bacteria populations, respectively. As a more recent and elaborate model, the ADM1, was developed by an IWA group (Batstone et al., 2002). Its main feature is the consideration of the principal steps of anaerobic digestion process that are, respectively, substrate disintegration (non biological step), hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and

0

with solid waste from 0.29 to 0.96 m3/m3\*d.

mesophilic and thermophilic cases, respectively.

**9. Modeling of anaerobic digestion process** 

finally the methanogenesis with seven different bacteria groups.

Fig. 6. Comparison of total volatile suspended removal (TVS)

10

20

30

**TVS % removed (%)**

**removal (%)** 

40

50

60

A.D. T=35°C A.D. T=55°C A. Co-D. T=35°C A. Co-D. T=55°C

Fig. 3. Comparison of gas production rate (GPR)

SGP of Figure 4. SGP is in relation with the biodegradability of the substrate and with anaerobic process reaction. SGP increased from 0.14 to 0.33 for digestion of wastewater sludge alone when temperature increased from mesophilic conditions (35°C) to thermophilic ones (55°C), whereas for a wastewater sludge mixed with solid waste this parameter increased from 0.31 to 0.51. Adding solid waste under mesophilic comditions results in an increase of SGP from 0.14 to 0.31, whereas under thermophilic conditions SGP increased from 0.33 to 0.51. The combined effect of increasing temperature from mesophilic conditions to thermophilic ones and adding solid waste to wastewater sludge increased SGP from 0.14 to 0.51.

Fig. 4. Comparison of specific gas production (SGP)

Fig. 5. Comparison of chemical oxygen demand removed (COD)

Fig. 6. Comparison of total volatile suspended removal (TVS)

SGP of Figure 4. SGP is in relation with the biodegradability of the substrate and with anaerobic process reaction. SGP increased from 0.14 to 0.33 for digestion of wastewater sludge alone when temperature increased from mesophilic conditions (35°C) to thermophilic ones (55°C), whereas for a wastewater sludge mixed with solid waste this parameter increased from 0.31 to 0.51. Adding solid waste under mesophilic comditions results in an increase of SGP from 0.14 to 0.31, whereas under thermophilic conditions SGP increased from 0.33 to 0.51. The combined effect of increasing temperature from mesophilic conditions to thermophilic ones

A.D. T=35°C A.D. T=35°C A. Co-D. T=35°C A. Co-D. T=55°C

and adding solid waste to wastewater sludge increased SGP from 0.14 to 0.51.

A.D. T=35°C A.D. T=55°C A. Co-D. T=35°C A. Co-D. T=55°C

A.D. T=35°C A.D. T=55°C A. Co-D. T=35°C A. Co-D. T=55°C

Fig. 5. Comparison of chemical oxygen demand removed (COD)

0

0

0

10

20 30

40

**COD removed (%)**

50

60

Fig. 4. Comparison of specific gas production (SGP)

0,1

0,2

0,3

**SGP (m3/KgVSfeed)**

0,4

0,5

0,6

Fig. 3. Comparison of gas production rate (GPR)

0,2

0,4

0,6

**GPR (m3/m3.j)**

0,8

1

1,2

Figure 5 presents the comparison of COD removal in the different studied cases. It increased from 24% for wastewater sludge alone under mesophilic conditions to 49.35% for wastewater sludge mixed with solid waste under thermophilic conditions. Moreover, for TVS thermophilic, co-digestion presents the best removal rate, 52.93%, as shown in Table 5. As a treatment system, anaerobic co-digestion under thermophilic conditions presents the best removal rates as well as specific gas production. It should be noted that changing working conditions from mesophilic to thermophilic ones increases anaerobic kinetic rates and as such the treatment capacity of a known volume will be increased as well. Adding solid waste contributes to the increase of biodegradable organic matter in the substrate (Figure 6).

As a conclusion of this sludy, the obtained results show that thermophilic co-digestion gives the best results. Although the temperature has an effect on the biogas production, it remains however quite relative compared to the effect of solid waste. These results confirm that the combined effect of the temperature and solid waste improves considerably the biogas production rate (GPR). The moving from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions, for waste sludge alone makes GPR pass from 0.18 to 0.39 m3/m3\*d and for the waste sludge mixed with solid waste from 0.29 to 0.96 m3/m3\*d.

The analysis of produced biogas showed that the percentage of biomethane is very high 60.37 and 64.44 for the digestion of sludge waste in mesophilic and thermophic phases, respectively and 65.8 and 60.61 for the co-digestion of solids waste with sludge waste in mesophilic and thermophilic cases, respectively.
