**2.1.2 Fibre morphology**

Fig. 2-1 showed the fibre morphology of each group.

Study on Manufacturing Technology and Performance of Biogas Residue Film 273

Table 2-3 showed that average length distribution range was 0.52 mm to 4.80 mm, which of 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm was minimum, which of more than 5 mm was maximum, average width distribution range was 0.03 mm to 0.26 mm, which of 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm was maximum, which of 0.5 mm to 1 mm was maximum; average length to width ratio distribution range was 3.92 to 32.14, which of 0.5 mm to 1 mm was minimum, which of more than 5 mm was maximum. These showed that biogas residue length to width ratio had a greater dispersion. Although the average length to width ratio distribution range was smaller than straw fibre,

Fig.2-2 showed the quality percentage of cellulose, hemi-cellulose, and lignin in biogas

According to research results (Gao Zhenghua, 2008; Chen Hongzhang, 2008), the cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin of straw, wheat and corn stalks compared with these of biogas residue

Species Cellulose/% Hemi-cellulose/% Lignin/% Ash/% Straw 36.5 27.7 12.3 13.3 Wheat stalk 38.6 32.6 14.1 5.9 Corn stalk 38.5 28 15 4.2

fibre 44.8 21.9 15.6 17.7

The comparative analysis results showed that, cellulose quality percentage of biogas residue fibre after anaerobic fermentation was 5% higher than straw, wheat stalk, corn stalk; while hemi-cellulose quality percentage was 5%lower than straw, wheat stalk, corn stalk; lignin quality percentage did not change. The result showed that anaerobic fermentation to lignin content was not influence, hemi-cellulose relatively reduced, cellulose relatively increased, it

which showed that it had a certain available value.

residue.

**2.2 The chemical components of biogas residue fibre** 

Fig. 2-2. Chemical compositions of biogas residue fibre

fibre were shown in table 2-4.

Table 2-4. Chemical composition of biomass

is positive to the resources utilization of biogas residue.

Biogas residue

0.25 mm~0.5 mm(Eyepiece10X,Objective 2X) 0.5 mm~1 mm (Eyepiece 10X,Objective 1X)

1 mm~2mm (Eyepiece10X,Objective 1X) 2 mm~5 mm (Eyepiece 10X,Objective 1X) >5 mm (Eyepiece 10X, Objective 1X)

Fig. 2-1. Each component fibre morphology of the different amplification under microscope

#### **2.1.3 The fibre length to width ratio**

Determination results of the fibre length to width ratio of each group were measured and analysed by Motic Images Plus and shown in table 2-3.


Notes: distribution estimates according to *x* ± 2σ , Avg. =average, L=length, W=width, D=distribution. Table 2-3. Determination results of the fibre length to width ratio

2 mm~5 mm (Eyepiece 10X,Objective 1X)

Fig. 2-1. Each component fibre morphology of the different amplification under microscope

Determination results of the fibre length to width ratio of each group were measured and

W SD

62

32

71

45

18

W D range mm

0.03~ 0.09

0.08~ 0.25

0.03~ 0.26

0.07~ 0.21

0.09~ 0.22

Avg . L to W ratio

11.8 75

11.8 45

13.0 86

17.7 26

22.1 74

, Avg. =average, L=length, W=width, D=distribution.

Avg. W mm

0.92 0.060 0.01

2.19 0.164 0.04

2.03 0.142 0.05

3.19 0.140 0.03

4.80 0.157 0.03

σ

>5 mm (Eyepiece 10X, Objective 1X)

> L to W rati o SD

3.97 90

1.67 14

2.14 57

4.21 36

4.98 20

L to W ratio D range

3.92~ 19.83

8.50~ 15.19

8.79~ 17.38

9.30~ 26.15

12.21~ 32.14

 0.25 mm~0.5 mm(Eyepiece10X,Objective 2X) 0.5 mm~1 mm (Eyepiece 10X,Objective 1X)

analysed by Motic Images Plus and shown in table 2-3.

L D range mm

0.52~

1.69~

1.68~

1.80~

2.18~

Table 2-3. Determination results of the fibre length to width ratio

L SD

90

54

73

61

34

Notes: distribution estimates according to *x* ± 2

1 mm~2mm (Eyepiece10X,Objective 1X)

> Avg. L mm

0.5 0.718 0.09

0.5~1 1.940 0.12

<sup>1</sup>~2 1.853 0.08

<sup>2</sup>~5 2.493 0.34

>5 3.491 0.65

Group /mm

0.25~

**2.1.3 The fibre length to width ratio** 

Table 2-3 showed that average length distribution range was 0.52 mm to 4.80 mm, which of 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm was minimum, which of more than 5 mm was maximum, average width distribution range was 0.03 mm to 0.26 mm, which of 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm was maximum, which of 0.5 mm to 1 mm was maximum; average length to width ratio distribution range was 3.92 to 32.14, which of 0.5 mm to 1 mm was minimum, which of more than 5 mm was maximum. These showed that biogas residue length to width ratio had a greater dispersion. Although the average length to width ratio distribution range was smaller than straw fibre, which showed that it had a certain available value.
