**3.1.1.3 Analytical methods**

Lactose concentrations and ethanol concentrations in the effluent distillate were determined according to Standard Methods (PN-67/A-86430; PN-A-79528-3:2007). The biomass concentration of yeast (dry matter) was calculated according to Standard Methods (P-78/C-04541). The samples were analyzed in triplicate and results were reproducible within 3% standard deviation.
