**7. Running the biogas plant**

Controlled fermentation of biomass in biogas plants produces a gas that can be used to produce electrical and thermal energy on account of its high percentage of methane. The raw materials used in biogas plants or their main substrates, are often liquid manure, agricultural products, and some agro-industrial wastes. The biogas plant may use silage maize as one of its renewable raw materials, with the aid of wheel loader, the maize is fed into either a storage bin or solids feeder, which takes a filling up approximately once a day. Silage maize is rich in energy, and on account of it is high degree of production it is very well suited for use in biogas firms. The storage bin is equipped by hydraulic flow discharger that continuously feed the maize onto a conveyor belt. A scale under the conveyor belt registers the weight of the maize silage. Liquid manure is the most important basic substrate used in biogas plants, after short influence storage in big tank, it is pumped through pipes directly into the blending pumps beside the maize conveyor belt, at the same time the maize fall off from the conveyor belt into separators, which is equipped with two mixing rollers, in this way the maize silage is mixed before fermentation. With this technology, it is possible to supply several fermentation tanks (also known as fermenters and digesters) with fresh substrates even if they are not close together. Liquid wastes from the food industry are the third substrates used in biogas plants, as the availability of such wastes varies considerably, a large storage pit should be installed to integrate this into a whole serving to minimize smells and help to prevent epidemics. The liquid waste is heated with hot water into 70 °C in a tubular heat exchanger using a counter current process. After heating for one hour, the hydrogenation of the substrate is complete so that they can be poured into the fermenters. The fermenter is the place where the biogas is formed, the substrate are continuously stirred in order to prevent layers of materials forming at the top or on the bottom, hot water tubes heat the substrates to between 35 and 55 oC to accelerate the formation of methane. The substrate is in the fermenter for a period of around 30 days before it is filled into another fermenter for a further 30 days to complete the gas formation process. When fermentation is complete the thin liquid substrate is pumped into two reinforced concrete tanks, where it is stored until it can be brought out onto the fields.

Biogas Plant Constructions 367

power of the liquid manure and its ammoniacal content have increased, due to fermentation the unpleasant smell of liquid manure and organic wastes have disappeared, as the organic acids have been decomposed. The biogas plant is therefore useful for both the operators and

There is flexibility in the types of digester designs available. Digester types and designs are selected for the types of feedstocks to be digested. There are general approaches to tank design, mixing systems, and electrical generation systems. There are different construction quality approaches for household and farm-based in comparison to commercial digesters.

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their neighbors.

**8. Conclusion** 

**9. References** 

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