*5.3.1.1 Household income*

The PFES program pays forest owners, so households participating in this program will be able to increase their annual income thanks to their forest area. This can make a difference in their income compared to the group of households not participating in the PFES program (**Table 8**).

**Table 8** shows that the average income and income from the forest of households participating in the PFES program are significantly higher than that of the group not participating in the program. Specifically, the average income of the group participating in the program was 2.3 million VND/year higher, and the income from the forest was 0.72 million VND/year higher than that of the households not participating in the program. Forest income of the group participating in the PFES program accounted for 6.49% of the total income of the household, while this figure was only 5.02% (1.27% lower) in the group that did not participate in the program. This shows that the PFES program has contributed to improving the average income of households participating in the program. However, this level of income is still modest.
