**5. Results on pitfalls and insights of sustainable leadership**

The results of pitfalls and insights on the individual and organisational levels of sustainable leadership delineated from the six frameworks are presented below as follows:

#### **5.1 Individual dimension of sustainable leadership**

At the individual level, the findings reveal three pitfalls of sustainable leadership: A lack of accurate sustainability self-awareness, failure to realise the

diversity of strategic thinking competencies and a shaky foundation of sustainability literacy. Ethical competence as a foundation of ethical leadership and systems literacy constitutes two key insights if one is to practice sustainable leadership. These findings are traceable to the frameworks of sustainable leadership by Casserley and Critchley [19], Avery and Bergsteiner [17], Hargreaves and Fink [29], Davies [20], Lambert [21] and Šimanskienė and Župerkienė [40] as illustrated below:
