*3.2.3 Research approaches used in the analyzed articles*

The authors of 31 of the 80 papers included quantitative empirical research. The other studies were either theoretical or qualitative. Six publications used a case study technique, and five papers were conceptually oriented. A strategy known as cross-sectional data collection was used to gather information from a single source, the employees, in 19 papers out of 31 quantitative investigations. Multi-source data were only used in six research. In addition, the final sample only included three


#### **Table 3.**

*Top 10 leading articles in the sample.*

multilevel studies. The authors used secondary data in two research. There was 23 research that used a hybrid methodology. Thirty-seven papers employed partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), and thirteen articles used regression analysis. Three research studies each used valuation ratios and SPSS Macro Process.
