**3. Computer-aided quality control and quality assurance**

Computer-Aided Quality Control and Quality Assurance involve the application of computer-based systems, software, and tools to support the planning, execution, monitoring, and evaluation of quality-related processes. These technologies help streamline data collection, automate analysis, improve accuracy, facilitate collaboration, and enable real-time quality control and assurance activities.

#### **3.1 Overview of computer-aided quality control and quality assurance**

Computer-Aided Quality Control and Quality Assurance encompass a range of technologies and tools that integrate with existing quality management systems. These tools may include statistical process control (SPC) software, quality management software, quality information systems, computer-aided design (CAD) tools for quality function deployment (QFD), and more. The use of these tools enhances the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of quality-related processes, enabling organizations to proactively identify and address quality issues, improve decision-making, and achieve higher levels of quality throughout their operations.

Computer-Aided Quality Control and Quality Assurance play a crucial role in modern quality management practices. They provide organizations with the means to automate routine quality tasks, capture and analyze large volumes of quality data, visualize quality metrics, monitor process performance in real-time, and identify patterns or trends that may indicate quality issues. By leveraging these technologies, organizations can make data-driven decisions, implement corrective actions promptly, and continuously improve their quality management processes [15, 16, 20, 22, 31, 42–45].

Computer-Aided Quality Control (CAQC) and Quality Assurance (CAQA) technologies have become essential for organizations seeking to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of their quality management processes. These technologies provide advanced tools and capabilities that enable organizations to monitor, analyze, and improve their quality control and assurance activities. As defined in [42–45], capabilities can be:


### **3.2 Applications of computer-aided quality control and quality assurance**

Computer-aided quality control (CAQC) and quality assurance (CAQA) technologies are widely used in manufacturing, healthcare, service, construction, and food industries. These tools ensure product quality, process efficiency, and compliance with standards. They enable real-time monitoring, statistical analysis, supply chain management, regulatory compliance, process optimization, and customer satisfaction. CAQC and CAQA contribute to improved outcomes, safety, operational efficiency, and innovation in diverse sectors.
