**8. Challenges and considerations in implementing DOE in real-world scenarios**


large datasets. Specialized statistical knowledge may be required to properly analyze and draw meaningful conclusions from the data obtained through DOE. Consideration should be given to the appropriate statistical methods and software tools for analyzing the experimental results [35, 36].

• Planning for Interactions and Confounding: Identifying and addressing potential interactions among factors and confounding effects can be complex in DOE. Interactions and confounding can affect the interpretation of experimental results and lead to incorrect conclusions. Careful consideration and appropriate experimental design strategies, such as fractional factorial designs, can help mitigate these challenges [16, 37, 38].
