**5. Discussion and conclusions**

Patients with brain metastases have usually a short survival. Historical studies have demonstrated that with no treatments the survival is of the order of one - two months, due to systemic progression in sites other than brain. Although brain metastases incidence is increasing, there is no consensus for their treatment. Currently, treatment options include WBRT, surgery, chemotherapy and SRT/CRT. WBRT has the advantage of being easily and widely available and is able to extend survival to three to six months. In the case of solitary metastases, the addition of surgical resection to WBRT has doubled the survival, in the range of 10 - 12 months (Patchell et al. 1990, Heilbrun and Adler 2010). However, many patients have metastases in locations not amenable to surgical resection. STRT, for these patients has demonstrated in terms of survival and palliation to be a reliable clinical tool

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#### **6. References**


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**Part 2** 

**Cancer Signaling, Mechanisms** 

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