**8. Applications of RPLGD**

Araki applied the RPLGD system in Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) procedure for dose measurements, including Gamma Knife, Cyberknife etc (Araki, Arakia). The results of output factors are comparable with the results from Hi-p Si Stereotactic field detector and Mote Carlo calculation. It shows RPLGD can be used for small field radiation measurements effectively. Nose designed a tube to hold RPLGDs for dose measurements for head and neck patients to verify the delivery dose against the calculated dose from treatment planning system (Nose). Although the maximum dose variation can be as high as 15%; however, those differences are mostly from the positioning errors. Based on the RPLGD physical characteristics study, the error from the RPLGD system stability is less than 3% (out of 15%). Yasuda and Iyogi applied RPLGD in space and environment radiation monitor (Yasuda, Iyogi). Hsu et al. also applied RPLGD in prostate HDR (High Dose Rate Remote Afterloader) procedure to study the dose distributions (Hsu). Many institutes in US and Europe devote into the developments and the researches in the new luminescence material and readout techniques for RPLGD (Yasuda, Araki, Arakia, Nose, Iyogi, Norimichi ,Hsu).

With its small volume, RPLGD can be used in in-vivo dose measurements; e.g. dose evaluation in animal irradiation study. RPLGD can also be placed in the anthropomorphic phantom to evaluate dose received during the clinical procedures for diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy. With its characteristics of repeatable readout and small effective readout area, RPLGD can also be used in brachytherapy procedures to evaluate the dose delivery accuracy for each procedure as well as for entire course. On the top of that, with the help of dedicated tube to hold RPLGD, one can apply RPLGD in the area of adjacent critical organs to monitor the organ dose to avoid the dose exceeding the tolerance during the radiotherapy procedure. It can improve the patient life quality after radiotherapy.

#### **9. References**

566 Advances in Cancer Therapy

The luminescence signal does not disappear after readout; therefore, repeated readout for a

The readout variation between different PRLGDs with the same exposure is small. RPLGD is manufactured with melted glass; therefore, its individual sensitivity is small as compared

The luminescence single can be converted to the exposure dose directly without the need of correction factors. The exposure dose can be determined with the help of readout from

The energy dependence existed in FD-7 glass, if there is no energy compensator filter with it.

The stability of color centers in RPLGD is high. Hence the effects of environment conditions such as humidity and temperature have very little impact to color centers, hence low fading

By using pulse ultra-violet laser as excited source, the accuracy of repeated readout can be

The dose linearity range for RPLGD is 0 – 500 Gy. This range covers the dose range used in the medical field. RPLGD can therefore be applied for dose verification in radiotherapy as well as in diagnostic radiology. RPLGD is also desirable for high dose gradient area, such as IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy) procedures or HDR (High Dose Rate Remote

The characteristics, physical and chemical, of RPLGD are equal to or better than that of TLD and OSLD because of its luminescence material and readout technique. Hence, RPLGD can

Araki applied the RPLGD system in Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) procedure for dose measurements, including Gamma Knife, Cyberknife etc (Araki, Arakia). The results of output factors are comparable with the results from Hi-p Si Stereotactic field detector and Mote Carlo calculation. It shows RPLGD can be used for small field radiation measurements effectively. Nose designed a tube to hold RPLGDs for dose measurements for head and neck patients to verify the delivery dose against the calculated dose from treatment planning system (Nose). Although the maximum dose variation can be as high as 15%; however, those differences are mostly from the positioning errors. Based on the RPLGD physical characteristics study, the error from the RPLGD system stability is less than 3% (out of 15%). Yasuda and Iyogi applied RPLGD in space and environment

However, energy dependence can be reduced with energy compensator filter.

maintained. Therefore, RPLGD has a very good reproducibility.

Afterloader) procedures because of its small effective readout area.

The clinical applications of RPLGD characteristics are summarized in the followings:

**7. Characteristics of RPLGD for clinical applications** 

1. Repeatable readout

single exposure is possible for RPLGD. 2. Small difference in individual sensitivity

reference PRLGD built-in to the readout system.

to that of either TLD or OSLD. 3. No correction factor needed

4. Small energy dependence

7. Wide measurable dose range

**8. Applications of RPLGD** 

8. Feasibility of personal dose monitor tools

be used as dose monitor for radiation field worker.

5. Small fading effect

effects for RPLGD. 6. Better reproducibility


[13] Arakia F., Moribe N., Dosimetric properties of radio-photoluminescent glass rod

[14] Nose T., Koizumi M., Yoshida K., Nishiyama K., Sasaki J., Ohnishi T., Peiffert D., In

[15] Iyogi T., Ueda S., Environmental gamma-ray dose rate in Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

[16] Hsu S.M., Yeh C.Y., Yeh T.C., Hong J.H., Tipton Annie Y.H., Chen W.L., Sun S.S., D.Y.C.

verification for prostate HDR procedure. Med. Phys*.* 35, 5558: 2008. [17] Norimichi Juto. The large scale personal monitoring service using the latest personal monitor glass badge. Paper of proceedings of AOCRP-1-Korea, 2003.

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detector in high-energy photon beams from a linear accelerator and cyber-knife.

vivo dosimetry of high-dose-rate brachytherapy: study on 61 head-and-neck cancer patients using radio-photoluminescence glass dosimeter. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol

Huang, Clinical application of radio-photoluminescent glass dosimeter on dose
