**1. Introduction**

82 Advances in Cancer Therapy

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Aerosolized bexarotene inhibits lung tumorigenesis without increasing plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels in mice. *Cancer Prev Res (Phila)*, Vol. 4, No. 2, Drug resistance is one of our biggest problems in terms of cancer therapy. Chemotherapeutic drug therapy in cancer is seriously hampered by severe toxicity primarily due to indiscriminate drug distribution and consequent collateral damage to normal cells. Therefore, the cancer treatment requires the combination with pharmaceutical science, cell biology, chemistry, electronics, materials, science and technology to improve the cancer therapy development. The results of genome sequencing and studies of biological– genetic function (functional genomics) are combined with chemical, microelectronic and micro system technologies to produce medical devices, known as diagnostic 'Biochips'. The multitude of biologically active molecules is expanded by additional novel structures created with newly arranged 'gene clusters' and (bio-) catalytic chemical processes. With the nanotechnology involving the ability to arrange molecules and atoms into molecular structures, the drug development in cancer treatment is also limitted. The application of micro-machining techniques is growing rapidly and has applications in microfluidics (for labs-on-a-chip), in sensors as well as in fiber optics and displays. Nowsaday, direct-write technologies are of increasing importance in materials processing. Building the structures are made directly without the use of masks, allowing rapid prototyping. The techniques comprise plasma spray, laser particle guidance, matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation, laser chemical vapor deposition, micro-pen, ink jet, e-beam, focused ion beam and several droplet micro-dispensing methods. Micrometer-scale patterns of viable cells are required for the next generation of tissue engineering, fabrication of cell-based microfluidicbiosensor arrays, and selective separation and culturing of microorganisms. The patterns of viable *Escherichia coli* bacteria have been transferred onto various substrates with laser-based forward transfer technique. These tools can be used to create three-dimensional mesoscopically engineered structures of living cells, proteins, DNA strands and antibodies and two co- fabricate electronic devices on the same substrate to generate cell-based biosensors and bioelectronic interfaces and implants. Discrete nanoparticles with controlled chemical composition and size distribution are readily synthesized using reverse micelles and microemulsions as confined reaction media, but their assembly into well-defined superstructures amenable to practical use remains a difficult and demanding task. This usually requires the initial synthesis of spherical nanoparticles, followed by further processing such as solvent evaporation, molecular crosslinking or template patterning. The

Cell Division Gene from Bacteria in Minicell Production for Therapy 85

chromosomal deletion bacteria and then the subsequent minicells were purified. The deletion of *minCED(*-) out of the bacteria cell may affect on their growth under their control so far. Therefore, to find out many methods in the minicell formation without the above mentioned discussion is essential. This chapter will point the difficulties in minicell production in the hyaluronic acid combination and then suggest the role of minicell

In order to study the role of minicell formation, this chapter had also used probiotic named *Lactobacillus acidphilus* having a positive impact to the host by helping balance the intestinal flora. Relying on the benefit properties of *Lactobacillus acidphilus*, the new application of this

A B C

D E F

Fig. 1. The gram stainning of *L. acidophilus* with different HA concentration A: 0% ; B: 0.02%; C: 0.03% ; D: 0.05%; E: 0.08% ; F: 0.1%. The arrows showed the shape differentiation in

The hypothesis was to apply a polymer named hyaluronic acid (HA) commonly used in foods, cosmetics, pharmaceutical field to form minicell. Besides, HA was also used to study in drug delivery. The delivery system prepared from *Lactobacillus acidophilus* and probiotic was thought to prevent many side effects in cancer treatment. *Lactobacillus acidophilus* was used and maintained in MRS agar and MRS broth. The incubation was performed at 25 – 30oC in anaerobic condition for 3-4 days. The HA was added into the MRS broth in 5 tubes to obtain the final concentrations as 0, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.08% and 0.1%, respectively. *Lactobacillus acidophilus* in medium with 0.03%, 0.05% of HA was shorter than in the medium

production in drug resistance that may be the better way for cancer treatment.

probiotic in minicell formation is discussed in this chapter.

medium with different concentration of hyaluronic acid.

without HA (Fig.1C).

**2.1 Affects of hyaluronic acid in cell morphology in** *Lactobacillus acidophilus*

interfacial activity of reverse micelles and microemulsions can be exploited to couple nanoparticle synthesis and self-assembly over a range of length scales to produce materials with complex organization arising from the interdigitation of surfactant molecules attached to specific nanoparticle crystal faces. The construction and the evolutionary improvement of micro- and nanodevices may be carried out using evolving populations of artificial creatures. The biological life is in the control of its own means of reproduction, which generally involves in the complex, auto-catalyzing chemical reactions. However, this autonomy of the design and manufacture has not yet been realized artificially. Therefore, the requirements for cancer treatment are essential and developed rapidly with the involvement in numerous physical and chemical methodologies.

Gene therapy and tissue engineering are new concepts in the treatment of cancer disease. The oligonucleotides used in gene therapy with the potential to alter cell function for an extended period of time in relation to more established therapeutic agents. Tissue engineering aims to regrow tissue structure lost as a result of trauma or cancer through the application of engineered materials. Both fields can demonstrate initial success, such as the replacement of adenosine deaminase genes in children with severe immunodeficiency and the use of synthetic materials to accelerate healing of burns and skin ulcers. Major limitations are the low level of expression in gene therapy and the tissue engineers have not yet learned to reproduce complex architecture, such as vascular networks, which are essential for normal tissue function. A combination of both methods has been used as a new strategy to overcome problems remaining. DNA delivery has been described in situ from polymer coatings, microspheres and synthetic matrices. DNA material hybrid systems promise to enable forms of gene therapy not possible with other gene delivery systems, e.g., polymeric microspheres facilitate the expression of orally administered genes.

Besides, an F1-ATPase biomolecular motor and fabricated nanopropellers was constructed. The molecular dynamics of the F1-ATPase at the molecular level were described and the suitability of biomolecular devices as nanomolecular machines comprehensively reviewed. This chapter aims to present an integrated view of the developments on the discovery of new therapy for cancer disease.

The chapter will drive why cell division gene from bacteria may play a role in drug delivery to treat the cancer diseases. The topics will deal with the affects of hyaluronan in cell morphology of *Lactobacillus acidophilus* in minicell producing study and the role of the cell division gene from bacteria in minicell production for therapy. In order to study the minicell production from bacteria, the function of cell division genes in bacteria as well as minicells in cancer treatment. The role of *min* gene from *Streptomyces lavendulae* in minicell formation for therapy will be studied as the first contribution to cancer therapy.
