**7. Perspectives**

CIA is a major side effect that compromises patient quality of life, particularly for females and children. Overcoming CIA remains a major challenge in the management of cancer patients. Significant progresses in the pathobiology and molecular mechanisms of CIA have been made during the past decade, and several physical and pharmacological approaches to treat CIA have been attempted. However, effective treatment strategies have yet to be developed. A key to this success is a better understanding of the human CIA mechanisms which requires the development of more predictive experimental models. Animal models have been useful but have limitations and may not be predictive of human CIA. The newly developed organ culture system using human hair follicles is promising and could lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies for CIA. The recent success in combination chemotherapy also provides mechanistic insights to combating CIA through the use of different combination strategies.

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Even if CIA cannot be completely prevented, it can be managed. Healthcare providers and patient family could help patients prepare for the sudden loss of hair, thus minimizing the negative impact on patients. Patients should receive the information regarding self-care strategies to take control and cope with CIA. Patients with long hair should be encouraged to try short hair style to make a better transition to total CIA. Patients are also advised to avoid physical and chemical trauma to the hair (e.g. bleaching, coloring and perming) and to shave their hair once the hair loss becomes prominent. Appropriate head covering may be used, depending on individual preference (Bachelor, 2001; Trueb, 2010).
