**15. Conclusion**

In conclusion, this study may be considered as a pilot study in the field of new, changing architecture due to pandemic crisis. Pandemics change everything; they change the politics, economics, and sociology of every culture they touch [1]. This research study was conducted parallel with the COVID-19 pandemic, which makes it a peculiar one and creates a great necessity to innovative architecture rather than the traditional concepts to overcome the challenges imposed by COVID-19 or future pandemics. Architects, concerned engineers, and other professionals need to consider the concepts concerning social distancing, not social isolation; less concentration per place; more space (inner and outer); new materials, signage, and written clear instructions; biophilic elements and features; and new techniques for circulation within buildings and outside them as well as the entry and exit of buildings, in addition to updating rules, regulations, design, environments, and sustainability manuals and standards to include measures to combat pandemics.

The authors believe that the initial three-setup hypotheses at the beginning of this chapter are satisfied through establishing the guidelines from the data collected and reviewed; also, proposals to update Building Rules and Regulations and Sustainable Building Standards and Criteria are highlighted for the prevention and control of the spread of pandemics within buildings and surrounding environments at the Kingdome of Bahrain and elsewhere in the world.

The study concludes that no single profession can address all the challenges of this pandemic; it is a professional multidisciplinary team challenge. Thus, architecture and other related building courses need to be modified to cope with the existing and potential future challenges and to use online learning as one of the many tools in the toolbox to enrich architectural education for healthy buildings and environments [93].

The established eight main categories of guidelines and recommendations integrate and complement each other to combat COVID-19 and other similar pandemics. It was experienced during pandemics that the spaces people inhabit can either protect them or make them sick. COVID-19 has also shown how the outbreaks of disease are spatial problems. Therefore, architecture can be well suited to design spaces that reduce the public's exposure to contamination globally. With the right building materials, airflow, and spatial strategies, spaces can be designed to support infection control.

Finally, the proposed guidelines in this chapter are intended to provide concerned university students, design professionals, employers, building owners, and public officials globally with tools (i.e., professional vaccine) for reducing and eliminating risk when designing new building projects, modifying existing buildings, conducting maintenance works and interior design projects, and reoccupying buildings during and after the pandemic.
