**2.6 Assessing environmental impacts in real estate: the power of life cycle assessment theory**

The methodological framework known as life cycle assessment (LCA) is a reliable tool for determining the ecological footprint left behind by real estate projects throughout their historical life. This evaluation includes several aspects that pertain to the project's lifetime, such as the acquisition of raw materials, the building process, the operating stage, and the conclusion or decommissioning phase. The life cycle assessment (LCA) offers a systematic technique for evaluating the environmental repercussions of real estate projects. As a result, LCA equips stakeholders with the ability to recognize and capitalize on possibilities for sustainable practices. This theory functions as an informational compass for real estate practitioners and decision-makers, supporting them in grasping the ecological ramifications associated with their initiatives throughout each step of the life cycle of such projects [35]. This includes assessing resource consumption, energy use, and emissions from raw material extraction, production, transportation, construction, and building operation. LCA theory also considers waste creation, maintenance, and structural destruction or disposal. LCA theory helps stakeholders make informed choices and execute sustainable strategies by providing a solid and scientifically valid technique for analyzing real estate developments' environmental performance. LCA theory recognizes the interconnectivity and interdependencies of a project's life cycle stages, avoiding a narrow emphasis on individual phases. This broad view identifies environmental hotspots where sustainable measures reduce negative consequences and maximize resource efficiency. LCA theory allows comparative examination of

## *Sustainable Built Environment and Its Implications on Real Estate Development… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114078*

different design, material, and technology options throughout a project's life cycle. Stakeholders may evaluate environmental impacts and choose the most sustainable choices [36]. To further analyze environmental consequences, LCA theory recommends considering regional or context-specific aspects, including energy sources, waste management systems, and transportation networks. LCA theory aids real estate initiatives.


Life cycle assessment theory provides a comprehensive framework for assessing real estate projects' environmental effects throughout their life cycle. LCA theory helps stakeholders assess the ecological impact and improve sustainability by considering all phases, from raw material extraction through end-of-life. Its methodical methodology, comparative research, and geographical considerations enable informed decision-making and sustained strategy execution. LCA theory encourages environmentally responsible real estate development and sustainable development.
