*4.1.1.4 Precautions and avoidance*

Clean the hands often. Use soap and water or an alcohol-based hand rub. Get vaccinated when it's your turn. Follow local guidance on vaccination. Cover your nose and mouth with your bent elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Stay home if you feel unwell. If you have a fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, seek medical

*Perspective Chapter: Guidelines to Cope with Challenging Problems Facing the Building… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109169*

attention from a healthcare provider. Properly fitted masks can help prevent the spread of the virus to others. This needs to be combined with physical distancing.

#### *4.1.1.5 First type of information*

This is important and necessary to determine measures required to be taken in the absence of definite and adequate medical treatment, in addition to eliminating and preventing transmission of the viruses and their subsequent pandemics through architectural, engineering, and technological solutions [5, 21].

#### *4.1.2 Summary of the second type of data concerning Covid-19*

#### *4.1.2.1 Development and improvements*

This includes architectural, engineering, biophilic, building technology, urban, and environmental aspects to control and eliminate the risk of COVID-19 pandemic as provided on websites by professional institutes, universities, and research centers; government-concerned establishments; related architectural, building engineering, urban, and environmental consultants; and researchers in the field.

#### *4.1.2.2 Categorization of the second type of data*

This can be categorized as follows: before the start of COVID-19, and during and after it. This is necessary for the sake of comparisons and drawing relationship solutions to provide safe and healthy buildings and environment.

#### *4.1.2.3 Information provided by the second type of data*

This includes architecture design standards, guidelines, and procedures for various building types [22–25], biophilic design patterns and guidelines [26–28], Building Rules and Regulations [15], LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) – USA, Certification Guidebook – 2008 [29], and BREEAM (Building Research Establishment's Environmental Assessment Method), UK New Construction 2018 [9, 30, 31].

#### *4.1.2.4 Second type of data for which the literature were reviewed*

This covers strategies for healthier and safer buildings of many types (i.e., offices, schools, hospitals, community centers, retail stores, houses and residences, mosques and religious halls, and restaurants), in addition to data covering their sub-contents and spaces [7, 8, 22, 25].

The reviewed literature [26, 27, 32] contained an emerging new set of design principles and practices where nature needs to play a bigger part called "biophilic design," in addition to revealing that designers, planners, urban authorities, and political decision makers can no longer neglect the value of biophilic architecture. Therefore, it is anticipated that integrating sustainable architectural design including landscape architecture with biophilic design features will increase effective design elements and serve as a guide for the constructed environments that are healthy and support life quality during pandemics.

**The second type of information and data are important and necessary due to the following:**

