**2.2 Conservative tillage**

Conservative tillage is a tillage practice that incorporates at least 30% of the crop residues after preparation and adopted mainly to reduce water erosion among other benefits. Thus, about 1120 kg/ha is mixed with the soil after tillage [21]. Currently, there is a redirection toward shifting to the conservation and no-tillage methods purposely to reduce soil compaction, control erosion, conserve soil and water in the soil, mitigate drought, reduce cost of tillage, increase soil organic matter, boost crop productivity, and to reduce net CO2 emissions which contribute to global warming [11, 12, 25, 26].
