**6.3 Types**

A range of tillage types and implements can strategically address different soil limitations. Zone tillage like strip tillage or vertical tillage disturbs narrow slots for planting rather than full inversion [27]. This helps increase biological activity, residue incorporation, and rooting depth in the planting zone while minimizing surface disturbance. Subsoiling, ripping, or other deep tillage tools fracture and mix dense, restrictive subsurface layers 12–18 inches down while leaving surface soil intact [28]. Light incorporation implements like disks, sweeps, and shallow cultivators mix amendments and clear residues from the seed zone while retaining protective surface cover between rows [17].
