**4.5 The management of self-care behaviours of patients with advanced heart failure**

The management of self-care is the process of decision-making and appropriate response for the patient to appropriately manage functions related to him/herself. Self-care management of patients with advanced heart failure is defined as taking responsibility for the management of disease-related symptoms, treatment, and maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviours. Self-care management is provided by the patient, the primary carer, and healthcare professionals.

The self-care management of patients with advanced stage heart failure is formed of the stages of knowledge, awareness, determination, decision-making, and application.
