**3. Results of first-in-human study**

The first-in-human study was completed in three patients with DCM (**Table 2**) (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs042180025). All patients are over 65 years of age, NYHA-III. UCG data showed LVDD>70 mm, LVEF<30%, and moderate mitral regurgitation. Implantation of the PS-CRN reduces left ventricular volume and mitral regurgitation to trace or mild degree during surgery. Peak oxygen consumption at

*Cardiac Reshaping Net for Dilated Cardiomyopathy DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113274*

24 weeks after surgery increased by 2.8 ml/kg/min (average of 3 cases). Pulmonary wedge pressure decreased drastically (20.7 → 10.3 mmHg for average in three cases). Patients maintained a better quality of life than before surgery (preparation for submission).

We proceeded to the investigator-initiated feasibility clinical trial from June 2022 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT2042210157). The first case had severe mitral regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension above 70 mmHg in systole at the time of surgery. Immediately after implantation, mitral regurgitation was reduced to mild, and pulmonary artery pressure dropped below 30 mmHg in systole.
