**4. Stress-activated kinases**

Stress-activated kinases (SAPKs) could be targeted in an effort to enhance the effect of chemotherapeutic agents because the tumor cells, which grow under various types of cellular stress including hypoxia and genetic instability, might survive in severe environment by modifying on stress-inducing events. We here discuss about two SAPKs, p38MAPK and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK).
