**7. Conclusion**

An energy management system that manages a hybrid plug-in FCEV is presented by this study as a combined intelligent controller system. The objective of this study was to develop the next generation of an EMS system employing a combination of fuel cells, ultracapacitors, and batteries in order to reduce the fuel consumption of the FCHEV powertrain and improve the system's efficiency. In the design system, the created EMS scheme took into account the characteristics of FC, UC, and BAT. Also,

**Figure 25.** *The proposed Simulink model.*

the proposed EMS considers the dynamic responsiveness of the power sources. FLC and ANN have been used with WNN-PI that is tuned *via* two optimization algorithms, which are PSO and CSA. The most significant findings of this work are as follows:


*Load-Sharing Management for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV) Based on… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113001*
