**4. Conclusion**

In this chapter, a new physical parameter has been proposed as a guide for optimizing the recently implemented oxide monolayer spray-grown solar cells. This parameter led to the establishment of a 3D (bangap E -Vickers Microhardness H <sup>g</sup> υ - Optothermal Expansivity ψAB ) abacus. Thanks to optimizing features, some interesting materials have been selected for an original purpose: The TCO monolayer-grown Solar cell. The first prototype of the proposed TCO monolayer-grown Solar cell has been presented and commented. The perspective of using other oxides, namely SbxOy, SbxSy/MSbO (M=Cu, Ag,..) has been discussed.

### **5. References**


Barsan, N. Sens. Actuators, B, Chem. 17 (1994) 241.


It has been experimented that n-type can be locally and partially transformed into p-WS2, which results in a WO3/WS2 heterojunction, using the same sulfuration procedure detailed above.

The case of ZnO has been experimented but raised some problems, in fact it has been recorded that sulfuration process is never complete, and that an unexpected mixture

In this chapter, a new physical parameter has been proposed as a guide for optimizing the recently implemented oxide monolayer spray-grown solar cells. This parameter led to the establishment of a 3D (bangap E -Vickers Microhardness H <sup>g</sup> υ - Optothermal Expansivity ψAB ) abacus. Thanks to optimizing features, some interesting materials have been selected for an original purpose: The TCO monolayer-grown Solar cell. The first prototype of the proposed TCO monolayer-grown Solar cell has been presented and commented. The perspective of

Abdullah, H.N.P.Ariyanto, S.Shaari, B.Yuliarto and S.Junaidi, Am. J. Eng. and Appl. Sc. 2

Abe, Y. & Ishiyama N., (2006). Titanium-doped indium oxide films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering using ceramic target. J. Mater. Sci. 41, pp.7580-7584 Agida, M., Kumar, A. S., 2010. A Boubaker Polynomials Expansion Scheme Solution to Random Love's Equation in the Case of a Rational Kernel , J. of Theoretical Physics 7,319.

Awojoyogbe, O.B., Boubaker, K., 2008. A solution to Bloch NMR flow equations for the

Bauer, C.; Boschloo, G., Mukhtar, E. & Hagfeldt, A. (2001). J. Phys. Chem. B 105,pp. 5585-5591. Belhadj, A., Onyango, O., Rozibaeva, N., 2009. Boubaker polynomials expansion scheme-

analysis of homodynamic functions of blood flow system using m- Boubaker

related heat transfer investigation inside keyhole model. J. Thermo- phys. Heat

using other oxides, namely SbxOy, SbxSy/MSbO (M=Cu, Ag,..) has been discussed.

Amlouk, A.; Boubaker K.& Amlouk M., (2010). J. Alloys Compds, 490,pp. 602–604.

Bandara, J. & Tennakone, K. J. (2001). Colloid Interface Sci. 236, pp. 375-382.

polynomials. Curr. Appl. Phys. 9, 278–283.

Barsan, N. Sens. Actuators, B, Chem. 17 (1994) 241.

Transfer 23, 639–640.

Fig. 12. TCO monolayer-grown Solar cell

(ZnO)x(ZnS)y takes place.

**4. Conclusion** 

**5. References** 

(2009) 236-240.


**3** 

*India* 

**Flexible Photovoltaic** 

*Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute,* 

Mukesh Kumar Singh

*Souterganj, Kanpur,* 

**Textiles for Smart Applications** 

In recent years alternative renewable energies including that obtained by solar cells have attracted much attention due to exhaustion of other conventional energy resources especially fossil-based fuels. Photovoltaic energy is one of the cleanest, most applicable and promising alternative energy using limitless sun light as raw material. Even though, inorganic solar cells dominate in the world photovoltaic market, organic solar cells as the new emerging photovoltaics has explored new possibilities for different smart applications with their advanced properties including flexibility, light-weight, and graded transparency. Low cost production and easy processing of organic solar cells comparing to conventional silicon-based solar cells make them interesting and worth employing for personal use and large scale applications . Today, the smart textiles as the part of technical textiles using smart materials including photoactive materials, conductive polymers, shape memory materials, etc. are developed to mimic the nature in order to form novel materials with a variety of functionalities. The solar cell-based textiles have found its application in various novel field and promising development obtaining new features. These photovoltaic textiles have found its application in military applications, where the soldiers need electricity for the portable devices in very remote areas. The photovoltaic textile materials can be used to manufacture power wearable, mobile and stationary electronic devices to communicate, lighten, cool and heat, etc. by converting sun light into electrical energy. The photovoltaic materials can be integrated onto the textile structures especially on clothes, however, the best promising results from an efficient photovoltaic fiber has to be come which can constitute a variety of

Fossil fuels lead to the emission of CO2 and other pollutants and consequently human health is under pressure due to adverse environmental conditions. In consequence of that

Unprecedented characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) cells attract maximum attention in comparision of other renewable energy options which has been proved by remarkable

Organic solar cells made of organic electronic materials based on liquid crystals, polymers, dyes, pigment etc. attracted maximum attention of scientific and industrial community due to low weight, graded transparency, low cost, low bending rigidity and environmental friendly processing potential5-6. Various photovoltaic materials and devices similar to solar

renewable energy options have been explored widely in last decades2-3.

**1. Introduction** 

smart textile structures and related products1.

growth in global photovoltaic market4.


Swank RK. Phys Rev 1966;153:844.

