**4. Manufacturing of organic photovoltaic cells**

Indium tin oxide (ITO) was used as a common transparent electrode in polymer-based solar cells due to its remarkable efficiency and ability of light transmission. However, it is quite expensive and generally too brittle to be used with flexible textile substrates. Therefore, highly conductive poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) PEDOT:PSS, carbon nano-tube or metal layers are used to substitute ITO electrode. This can be a promising way to develop PV textiles for smart application due to its low cost and easy application features for future photovoltaic textile applications. A typical sequence of photovoltaic textiles manufacturing is exhibited in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. A typical sequence of photovoltaic textiles manufacturing

A group of scientists has demonstrated the fabrication of an organic photovoltaic device with improved power conversion efficiency by reducing lateral contribution of series resistance between subcells through active area partitioning by introducing a patterned structure of insulating partitioning walls inside the device. Thus, the method of the present invention can be effectively used in the fabrication and development of a next-generation large area organic thin layer photovoltaic cell device13.

The manufacturing of organic photovoltaic (PV) cells can be possible at reasonable cost by two techniques:
