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**1. Introduction**

Global warming and climate change has sparked the interest in alternative energy sources.(Cox et al., 2000) Although solar power reaching the surface of the Earth is able to meet the demands of humanity at the present,(Turner, 1999) an important question remains: how to convert the solar power into electrical power efficiently and at low costs.(Glaser, 1968) Polymer-based organic solar cells offer a possible solution for low cost photovoltaic energy conversion.(Wohrle & Meissner, 1991) In general, organic electronics has created an immense academic interest due to unlimited and flexible molecular engineering possibilities, allowing new organic materials with tailored physical properties to be synthesized.(Forrest, 2005b) The most promising aspect of organic solar cells is their potential economic advantage due to large-scale production posibilities using continuous and large scale roll-to-rool printing and coating techniques allowing to deposit the active film, electrodes, sealing layers, antireflecting coatings and other components on flexible substrates all-at-once.(Krebs, 2009) Various aesthetic form factors, usually considered to be important for the solar panel integration into buildings can be achieved with this type of solar cell. Desired device form, color and a wide range of applications including solar power stations, roof-tops, portable devices, textile

**Relation Between Nanomorphology and** 

*1Physical Chemistry, Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells,* 

*Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane* 

Almantas Pivrikas1,2

*Austria* 

**6**

*Johannes Kepler University Linz* 

**Performance of Polymer-Based Solar Cells** 

*2School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Organic Photonics and* 

The relation between fabrication costs of photovoltaic modules and power conversion efficiency defines the market success, therefore both factors have to be considered from academic and industrial perspective.(Brabec, 2004) Due to low dielectric constants and weak van der Waals forces binding the organic molecules into a solid, excitons (electron and hole pair strongly bounded by Coulomb attraction) are the primary photoexcitations in organic solids.(Schwoerer & Wolf, 2007) In order to achieve high power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells excitons have to be separated into mobile charge carriers for photocurrent generation.(Forrest, 2005a) The bulk-heterojunction concept is employed to overcome the short exciton diffusion distance. The photoactive film of heterojunction is formed from the donor and acceptor materials which are phase-separated on the nanometer length scale, to facilitate the photo-induced charge transfer as well as create a percolating pathways for charge transport to the electrodes.(Brabec et al., 2001; Halls et al., 1995) Therefore, the

integrated power supplies and other consumer products can be envisioned.

application as effective electron acceptors for hybrid solar cells. *Journal of Materials Chemistry*, Vol. 20, Nr. 35, pp. 7570-7578, ISSN 0959-9428

