**5. Delimitation**

The focus of the study was based on an smart library seat occupancy and reservation system, which affords students and staff with the advantage to check library seat availability status and reserve seats online. Consequently, the study excludes other library management systems providing support for teaching and learning activities such as obtaining and reserving library books. To ensure that only pertinent papers and other printed sources were used in this study online databases' retrievals of English-language research papers in the form of journals and conference proceedings were considered. Journal articles were restricted to those that were published between 2016 and 2022 and papers that either lacked a clear connection to IoT-Base smart library seat occupancy and reservation, had no connection to the research question, or whose full texts were unavailable, were excluded. Duplicate reports of the same study were removed. In cases of multiple versions of an article, only the entire version was added, leaving the others out. Articles had to fall into the subject areas of Informatics, Information Technology (IT) as well as Computer Science (CS). Only those that afford library users with the advantage to view seat occupancy status and reserve seats at their places of comfort. The citation information, along with the abstract and keywords, were chosen as part of the dataset extraction process.


#### **Table 5.**

*Smart library seat occupancy and reservation systems methodologies and future research.*
