**5. Conclusions**

This chapter has carried out a review of the options currently available to improve coverage in sensor networks, especially those covering large areas in remote areas (LPWAN). A classification of two strategies has been proposed to obtain greater coverage and flexibility based on interoperability between existing technologies. In addition to the state of the art, a contribution made by our research group has been presented in which multi-hop and interoperability strategies are combined by adding new techniques, such as VLC and OCC. Finally, a use case is presented in which all the techniques seen can be accommodated helping to solve a specific particular problem using a low-cost solution. This prototype is in the measurement period, although the results obtained show good performance in terms of TOA and latency. A very flexible and adaptive architecture is achieved that avoids the loss of data due to the fall of a route or a node. As a future line, a node with NB-IoT / LoRa connectivity is incorporated into the cellular network.

*Hybrid Architectures to Improve Coverage in Remote Areas and Incorporate Long-Range LPWAN… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113328*

**Figure 10.** *Path losses versus distance.*

**Figure 11.** *Measured RSSI versus distance.*
