**1. Introduction**

The Internet of Things (IoT) has grown more popular and accepted in the library industry to improve operations, thanks to the increasing use of smart devices and fast networks. As a result, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) in libraries has raised

discussion in the academic community. Devices may now connect directly with one another and with the cloud thanks to IoT, which improves the delivery of services in businesses. The requirement for real-time information and high-quality data is gradually growing, particularly for seat occupancy status and reservation in the libraries, as more students are admitted each year. Smart technologies are also being used in every aspect of library services and workflows. To improve the service experience for users, libraries have shown persistence in implementing new technologies.

IoT is the collective term for any connected devices that use the Internet to collect data that can then be used to automatically monitor and operate objects without the need for human interaction. Most studies found that numerous new technology inventions trending nowadays are more advantageous because they can really simplify our lives. Of which one of the foremost drivers of the future smart spaces is the Internet of Things (IoT) [1–3]. Boboc and Cebuc [4] define IoT as the sum of devices interconnected over the Internet, with data collection ability to monitor and control things remotely without human intervention. Therefore, the application of IoT will enhance the value of education process in the education environment because it will allow students to learn quickly [5].

Similarly, Abuarqoub et al. [1] also describe IoT as a system that connects daily things embedded with electronics, software and sensors to the internet enabling them to gather and exchange data. According to Bayani et al. [2], IoT is utilizing smart features of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies to change everyday life. Hence, its objective is to enhance our everyday devices and appliances to be less sophisticated, automated, flexible and highly accessible at any time, from anywhere, by any user across the world [1].

According to Brian et al. [6], the principle of developing a connected library system where the user can use their mobile phone to connect to the library system is advantageous and beneficial since almost everyone nowadays has a smartphone device. Upala and Wong [7] and Daniel et al. [3] concurs that IoT can connects numerous devices to expand operational efficiency, real-time visibility, and user learning experiences because of its outstanding potential in the education sector. They revealed that new research opportunities and feasible solution are possible through the development of smart library system utilizing IoT.

It is therefore undeniable that the application of IoT promises a brighter future for libraries [8], but scholarly research is needed to determine how well libraries will embrace this trend considering its prospects and challenges. Numerous research has been done on the implementation of smart-library seat occupancy and reservation to provide students with the luxury of checking seat occupancy status and reserving seats online without librarian interaction Maepa and Moeti [9] utilizing various IoT technologies. And also challenges, drivers, and obstacles were also discussed from a variety of angles Daniel et al. [3] have all conducted several previous literature reviewbased studies to evaluate the development, trends, gaps, and future research direction in the IoT sector. Although numerous studies have examined IoT-based research from various angles and for various amounts of time [1–3, 7, 9]. Even though the use of IoT in libraries is growing and that there is an increase in research into the topic [10], a study that looks at libraries in developing nations reveals a knowledge gap.

To ascertain the validity of the aforementioned assertions, it may be helpful to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) study to see if there have been any empirical studies that examined IoT and the technologies that it enabled for seat reservation needs in smart libraries. Therefore, the objective of this book chapter is to conduct an SLR in order to (i) ascertain whether empirical studies have been

#### *A Systematic Review on IoT-Based Smart Technologies for Seat Occupancy and Reservation… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113329*

conducted that address the effects of IoT technology and its inconsistent and dispersed nature for seat occupancy and reservation needs in smart libraries, and (ii) discover, compare, and characterize current investigations in the SLSRS and (iii) determine from which databases such studies, if any, are extracted. Even though there are existing reviews that looked at the emerging smart library systems using IoT technologies, this research is different as is only focusing thoroughly on the element of seat occupancy and reservations to improve library usage as a step to enhance academic excellence and time management. This book chapter seeks to respond to the following research queries (RQs) by reviewing the available research.


This Chapter used primary research publications to conduct an in-depth investigation into the present drawbacks and advantages of smart library seat occupancy and reservation systems and to better comprehend the various models put forth by various writers. Illustrated are the various holes and restrictions in the current IoT-based seat occupancy and reservation systems. Consequently, the chapter excludes other library management systems providing support for teaching and learning activities such as obtaining and reserving library books.
