**9. Energy efficiency of IoT in telecommunications and cloud**

IoT is transforming the telecommunications and cloud computing industries, increasing energy efficiency and sustainability.

Telecommunications networks have traditionally been designed to handle peak loads, resulting in inefficient energy usage during periods of low usage. However,

integrating IoT sensors and analytics can help operators optimize network management, reducing energy consumption and costs [22]. IoT sensors can monitor network activity, detect anomalies, and adjust network capacity in real-time. This helps minimize energy consumption while maintaining the required network performance and reliability levels.

One successful example of IoT in telecommunications is Vodafone's IoT-enabled smart meter solution [23]. The solution includes smart meters that collect real-time energy consumption data, allowing Vodafone to identify energy inefficiencies and develop strategies to optimize energy usage. As a result, Vodafone has reduced energy consumption, leading to significant cost savings.

Data centers are responsible for significant energy consumption in the cloud computing industry. IoT can help reduce energy consumption by optimizing server utilization and cooling systems. IoT sensors can monitor server utilization and adjust capacity, accordingly, powering down unused servers to save energy. Additionally, IoT sensors can monitor cooling systems and adjust them to optimize energy consumption.

One successful example of IoT in cloud computing is Microsoft's IoT-enabled data center cooling system. Microsoft installed sensors to monitor temperature and humidity levels in their data centers, allowing the company to adjust the cooling system to optimize energy consumption. The result was a 30% reduction in energy consumption, leading to significant cost savings and environmental benefits.

However, implementing IoT in telecommunications and cloud computing infrastructure also poses challenges. One major challenge is ensuring the security of IoT devices and networks. As the number of connected devices increases, the attack surface expands, increasing the risk of cyber threats. It is essential to ensure that IoT devices are secure and networks are protected from cyber-attacks.
