**4.1 Managerial approach**

Corporate entrepreneurship is a concept that has increasingly gained traction among managerial scholars in recent years. This emerging field of research focuses on the entrepreneur strategy. According to this branch of studies, the concept of entrepreneurship is not associated with individuals, but with the entrepreneurial activities within the firm. In this context, [56] argues that entrepreneurs are individuals or groups of individuals acting independently or as part of a corporate system, who create new organizations or instigate renewal or innovation within an existing organization. Thus, the focus shifts from individual to coordinated organizations, and consequently, the unit of analysis becomes the firm or the organization that

acts in an entrepreneurially oriented way. Following this line of inquiry, the entrepreneur can be identified either in the figure of the founder of a new start-up or in the manager of a firm. This conceptualization found its root into the Schumpeter Mark II legacy. In this context, Schumpeter [25] defined the entrepreneur as the economic agent that "is able to carrying out of new combinations" ([25], p. 68). Therefore, according to this theory, the entrepreneur is not only the individual who creates a firm: "many financiers, promoters, and so forth are not, and still they may be entrepreneurs in our sense" ([25], pp. 74–75). The implication connected with this definition is that the entrepreneur does not coincide anymore with individuals endowed with the special Unternehmergeist, German for "entrepreneur-spirit," but he becomes a professional who needs some skills to do his job. These skills are trainable. This means that entrepreneurship is, according to this branch of research, both teachable and learnable [57].
