**6. Concluding remarks**

In conclusion, this chapter presents a comprehensive examination of the pivotal role played by development banks in supporting innovation and the achievement of the SDGs. By tracing their historical trajectory, analyzing the economic fundamentals, and discussing existing empirical evidence, this chapter contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of development banks in driving sustainable development through innovation. Moreover, it raises several key questions that can guide theoretical and empirical research. Particular attention has been given to the areas of intervention for development bank financing, the most effective intervention tools, the essential characteristics that development banks should possess, and the optimal institutional context that maximizes their effectiveness. By addressing these complex and multifaceted issues, future research can further advance our knowledge in this field and provide guidance for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to harness the full potential of development banks driving innovation within the framework of the SDGs. All of these aspects are relevant for the effective functioning of development banks but deserve further exploration within specific research streams.

In this context, it is crucial to consider analogous research activities pertaining to other financial entities directly controlled by or operating under explicit mandates from the public sector. Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) offer a notable example, as they are state-owned investment funds that allocate resources across various financial assets, including stocks, bonds, and real estate, on behalf of the government.
