**3. Theoretical framework**

The prior research literature review conducted on the connections between EC and IB [9, 10] and between IB and OI [3, 5]. There is relatively little study on the effect of EC on IB to change OI using Amabile's (12) componential theory as support. However,

**Figure 1.** *Theoretical framework.*

there has not been enough research done on how EC, IB and OI are related. As a result, the theoretical framework closes a gap by making clear the links that still need to be understood and by incorporating earlier studies to address discrepancies in the literature (**Figure 1**).

In conclusion, IB exists in the link between EC and OI, as shown in **Figure 1**, in conclusion. Literature proved specifically how strongly EC associated IB and OI. Additionally, IB and OI are connected. As a result, OI is highly influenced by both factors EC and IB.

### **3.1 Hypotheses statement**

H1: EC has a positive relationship with IB.

H2: EC has a positive relationship with OI.

H3: IB has a positive relationship with OI.

H4: IB mediates in the relationship between EC and OI.
