*2.2.1 Digital innovation and transformation is reshaping society*

A lively scientific debate is underway on the impact of digital innovations on the lives of individuals, organizations, and the environment: the subjects of investigation naturally stand out as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. Digital transformation (DT) can be defined as a disruptive process where organizations change value-creating processes by adopting digital technologies in response to changes in the business environment [44]; it stimulates innovation as it requires the acquisition of new knowledge and skills, leads to a new way of collaborating within the organizations, promotes the development of new business models [45].

DT also catalyzes the transformation of governance, HR, and IT functions in organizations [46]. Previous studies identified the positive impact of digital transformation on all three pillars of sustainability; however, it is more evident in evaluating sustainability's economic and environmental aspects [47–49]. According to Maguire and Winthereik [50] digitalization changes the dynamics of systems and renders components and performance visible in new ways. It has significant potential to monitor environmental change and to facilitate the uptake of low-carbon and energy-saving technologies [51].
