**2.2 Production in bacteria**

A recent investigation was conducted to synthesize silver nanoparticles by means of reducing aqueous Ag + ions with the aid of culture supernatants derived from diverse bacterial strains. The expeditiousness of this methodology was exhibited, as the amalgamation of silver ions with the cellular filtrate resulted in the production of silver nanoparticles in a mere 5-minute timeframe. Additionally, the present study documented that piperine exhibited partial inhibition of the process of reducing Ag+ to metallic silver nanoparticles [29]. It is noteworthy that the nitro reduction activity exhibited by *Enterobacteriaceae* is impeded by the naturally occurring compound piperine. It is postulated that the process of bioreduction, which involves the conversion of silver ions to silver nanoparticles, may experience partial hindrance due to the presence of various strains of Enterobacteriaceae, including *Klebsiella pneumonia*.

#### **Figure 1.**

*Various biological approaches for the production of silver nanoparticles.*

The optimization of silver nanoparticle production by *Lactobacillus casei* subspecies casei was investigated by Korbekandi et al. The study confirmed the bio-reductive synthesis of silver nanoparticles [30]. The study conducted by Liu and colleagues demonstrated the production of nanoparticles through the desiccation of *Bacillus megaterium* cells [31]. According to Das et al. a particular bacterial strain is used in the extracellular manufacture of silver nanoparticles. According to the study, the application of AgNO3 to Bacillus strain CS 11 led to the extracellular production of silver nanoparticles [32]. It was also reported that piperine exhibited partial inhibition of the reduction process of Ag + to form metallic silver nanoparticles [29]. It is interesting that the nitro reduction activity exhibited by Enterobacteriaceae is impeded by the naturally occurring compound piperitone. It is postulated that the process of bio-reduction, which involves the conversion of silver ions to silver nanoparticles, may experience partial inhibition due to the presence of various strains of Enterobacteriaceae, including *Klebsiella pneumoniae*. The optimization of silver nanoparticle production by *Lactobacillus casei* subspecies casei was investigated by Korbekandi et al. who confirmed the bio-reductive synthesis of silver nanoparticles [30]. The study conducted by Liu and colleagues demonstrated the generation of nanoparticles through the desiccation of *Bacillus megaterium* cells [31]. The extracellular production of silver nanoparticles by a bacterial strain has been described by Das et al. The research findings indicate that the application of AgNO3 to Bacillus strain CS 11 led to the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles [32].
