**6. Conclusions**

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in research activity and interest in QDs. High quantum yield, stability, and stable electrochemical characteristics make these nanoparticles unique. The biosensors discussed in this work are electrical, utilizing reactive mediators that can be detected through various processes such as quantum tunneling generated by photoelectrochemistry, potential increase through changes in system charge, and electrochemiluminescent events. Applications of the distinctive electrochemical and photophysical features of QDs are expanding in many areas, offering fascinating prospects for the accurate and sensitive detection of various biochemical species. QDs functionalized with different biomolecules can provide distinct platforms for signal transduction for biomolecular detection and direct electron energy transfer for photoelectric interconversion processes. The development of QD-based electrochemical bioanalyses will continue to be driven by the demand for miniaturization, to develop faster, cheaper clinical diagnostic tests based on a lab on a chip application.
