**10. Future perspective**

Electrochemical biosensors based on carbon materials functionalized with recognition elements have shown promise for vitamin D detection. However, there are existing challenges that require further research. Current issues include sensor stability, sensitivity, selectivity, and interference from complex samples. To address these, future research directions can focus on developing more stable electrode materials, improving immobilization techniques, enhancing selectivity through advanced recognition elements, and exploring innovative signal transduction mechanisms. Additionally, miniaturization, multiplexing, and data analysis techniques are areas of potential development. The chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in electrochemical biosensors for vitamin D detection and suggests future research directions to overcome current challenges in the field.
