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**21** 

*China* 

*A Paradox of Life* 

**The Gratuitous Repair on Undamaged DNA Misfold** 

*2Health Science Center, Hebei University, Baoding* 

*conventional repair, recombination mechanisms. Repair or not Repair, turns to be a question?* 

*1School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing* 

*could intrigue gratuitous repair on undamaged DNA using the* 

*B-DNA is needed for maintenance of genetic stability, while it will convert into non-B DNA in replication, repair, transcription or recombination, leading to exposure of bases, single strands, and even introduction of distortions. All these* 

Xuefeng Pan1,2, Peng Xiao1, Hongqun Li2, Dongxu Zhao1 and Fei Duan2

In natural genomes, tens of DNA structure analogous to B-DNA conformation have been found to be formed through compiling weak interacting forces, including hydrophobic, Van der Waals and hydrogen-bond accepters and donors and inductions of certain agents (Rao et al., 2010). Of which, hairpins, cruciform junctions, Z-DNA, G-tetrads/quadruplexes,

Since the late 1950s, the roles of the non-B DNA structures in biological functions have begun to be enlightened (Watson & Crick, 1953; Wilkins et al., 1953a, 1953b; Svozil et al., 2008). Piling up results suggest that non-B conformations, such as cruciforms, triplexes, tetraplexes, can interact with proteins involving DNA metabolism, including replication, gene expression and recombination, or influence nucleosomes and other supramolecular structures formation (Wang & Griffith, 1996; Shimizu et al. 2000). However, non-B DNA secondary structures may also be treated as DNA mis-folds by DNA repair systems. Because of which the non-B DNA secondary structures can serve as end points for several types of genome rearrangements seen in some diseases (Wang & Vasquez, 2006; Wells, 2007;

The non-B DNA structure forming sequences are found to be rich in genomes from divergent organisms (Table 1) (Cox & Mirkin, 1997; Svozil et al., 2008; Cerz et al., 2011). For example, nearly half of the human genome consists of repetitive sequences, which can be arranged as inverted, direct tandem, and homopurine–homopyrimidine mirror repeats.

**2. DNA sequences which are susceptible to abnormal folding** 

**1. Introduction** 

helices, loops and bulges are most studied so far.

Bacolla & Wells, 2009; Chen et al., 2010).
