**4. Nuclear translocation of PKC in the apoptotic responses**

Translocation of PKC into the nucleus has been demonstrated in various cells (Blass et al. 2002, DeVries et al. 2002, DeVries-Seimon et al. 2007, Eitel et al. 2003, Scheel-Toellner et al. 1999, Yoshida et al. 2003, Yuan et al. 1998). Recent study showed that PKC translocates to nucleus after exposure of cells with 1--D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) (Yoshida et al. 2003). Moreover, pretreatment with PKC inhibitor, rottlerin, attenuates nuclear targeting of PKC (Yoshida et al. 2003), suggesting that its kinase activity is required for nuclear translocation. A putative nuclear localization signal has been identified at the C-terminus of the catalytic domain of PKC (DeVries et al. 2002). Numerous PKC targets and substrates, including the p53 tumor suppressor, are nuclear proteins that function in induction of apoptosis.
