**10. References**

Azakami H, Mukai A, Kato A (2005) Role of amyloid type cross beta-structure in the formation of soluble aggregate and gel in heat-induced ovalbumin. *J Agric Food Chem* 53(4): 1254-1257

TS/A 58.67 (%) 66.19 (%) MDA-MB-231 42.99 (%) 97.65 (%)

cells.

Table 1. Percentages of 5 integrin+ cells and 1 integrin+ cells in TS/A and MDA-MB-231

Fig. 8. Blocking the 1 integrin signaling pathway with a specific mAb (mouse anti-human integrin beta1 monoclonal antibody) reversed the effect of 0.2 M F-HSA on TS/A and

The search for novel therapeutic targets and the development of inhibitors of cancer metastasis is an ongoing challenge. Herein, we used a detergent assisted refolding chromatography process to convert globular HSA into fibrillar F-HSA. Unlike globular HSA, this novel F-HSA caused cell death, reversed EMT, and suppressed breast cancer cell migration through targeting 1 integrin signaling pathway. These important findings may be useful for the

Grant support: National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC 96-2313-B-001-005-MY3 to S.-M.L) and Academia Sinica (to S.-M.L.). We thank Miss Miranda Loney (Institute of Molecular

Azakami H, Mukai A, Kato A (2005) Role of amyloid type cross beta-structure in the

formation of soluble aggregate and gel in heat-induced ovalbumin. *J Agric Food* 

development of better therapeutics for the intervention of breast cancer metastasis.

Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan) for English editorial assistance.

MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration.

**8. Conclusion** 

**9. Acknowledgments** 

*Chem* 53(4): 1254-1257

**10. References** 

5 integrin 1 integrin


**21** 

*Little Rock USA* 

**On the Role of Cell Surface Chondroitin** 

*Department of Pathology and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer institute* 

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis among women worldwide (Jemal et al., 2011). Significant numbers of women present with advanced metastatic breast cancer despite major improvements in population screening and health awareness (Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2009-2010, 2009; Autier et al., 2011). Metastatic spread leads to the poor prognosis and incurring low survival rates of patients presenting with advanced stage breast cancer or tumor recurrence. Therefore, effective therapies targeting metastatic spread should be designed to prevent the devastating consequences of breast cancer progression. In this regard, novel pro-metastatic molecules must be identified and their functional roles in

Cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions have a profound role in the hematogenous phase of cancer metastasis. Tumor-associated glycans participate in these cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions and their expression is associated with the metastatic potential of tumor cells and the prognosis of cancer patients (Hakomori, 1996; Couldrey and Green, 2000; Gorelik et al.,

We have been studying the role carbohydrates play in breast cancer metastasis (Monzavi-Karbassi et al., 2005; Carcel-Trullols et al., 2006; Monzavi-Karbassi et al., 2007). A large body of evidence indicates that P-selectin expressed on endothelial cells and platelets plays a crucial role during hematogenous metastasis (Borsig et al., 2001; Kohler et al., 2010). In a murine model of breast cancer we observed that the expression of carbohydrates that react with the P-selectin receptor plays a major role in metastasis (Monzavi-Karbassi et al., 2005). This evidence indicates that P-selectin-mediated interaction of breast cancer cells with platelets is a relevant cellular adhesion mechanism that participates in establishing distant metastases. A novel finding in our work is the observation that chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) can serve as P-selectin ligands on breast cancer cells. This observation links CS-GAGs to P-selectin binding in defining the metastatic phenotype dependent on the interaction of cancer cells with platelets (Monzavi-Karbassi et al., 2007). Therefore, CS-GAGs can be targeted for development of novel anti-metastatic therapies.

**1. Introduction**

the progression of the disease need to be addressed.

2001; Kawaguchi, 2005; Korourian et al., 2008).

**Sulfates and Their Core Proteins** 

Ann Marie Kieber-Emmons, Fariba Jousheghany

**in Breast Cancer Metastasis** 

and Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi

*University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences*

