**3.2 The physical component**

Robots, nanorobots, physical objects, medical equipment and many futuristic robots meant to deliver proper care to the patients, come under physical components of AI (**Table 2**). They assist to perform surgeries and help handicapped and aging population to deal with day-to-day challenges in their life [2].

Diagnosis of a disease is frequent and time draining process due to applications of various diagnostic procedures and their interpretation by a limited number of expert doctors. It brings the medical fraternity under a lot of stress for saving the patient's life within limited initial golden hours of the treatment. Digitalized automatic diagnosis of diseases by complex algorithms of machine learning makes a cost effective and time saving measure for doctors as well as for patients. Standard algorithms for diagnoses can benefit consistently with the main quality of their universality in the form of assessment with same team of top experts globally on a low price and within seconds. AI also provides treatment alternatives for the specific diseases, which have been diagnosed by the machines [13].

Earliest detection of impending autism in children can be detected by the eye tracking technology in psychiatry [13]. Robotic characteristics of communication and teaching have created the most impressive example of AI utility in autistic children in future [14–16]. Facial emotion recognition (FER) is a separate area in AI to analyze patient's emotions by comparing images with the available database in the system. This systematic database has already been fed with the patient's data, who had undergone with the same disorders and treatments [13].

Robotic systems which can be used in surgeries are robotic surgery, computer assisted surgery and robotically assisted surgery. Open surgeries have now been improved in the form of minimally invasive surgeries when they are assisted by robots. Tele manipulator devices provide the possibility of distant surgeries in the areas where no surgeons are available. A remote control, governed by the doctor, potentiates the real surgeries on patients without the presence of specialist surgeon on the site of operation [13].


#### **Table 2.**

*Physical component of artificial intelligence.*

Da Vinci surgical system and AXSIS robot of the Cambridge advisors are well acquainted robots in surgery [13]. Da Vinci surgical system is commonly used for gynecologic surgeries and for prostate surgeries. Cardiac valve repair is the newer and propitious development by this machinery system. Most recent forms of robotic devices are highly evolved to give solo performance in advanced surgeries [14–16].

Benign and malignant tumors of the central nervous system and lung cancer detection by low dose computer tomography (LDCT) for high-risk individuals are some other applications of AI in medicine. Support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) are expert machinery system for identification and classification of stroke even before the episode of stroke. Direct analysis of stroke can be notified to the hospital team with in minutes. It helps the clinicians for early detection and treatment of such a medical emergency causing brain damage of the patient if there is any delay in the treatment [13]. Robots also has become promising to take care of elderly individuals and are becoming most emerging medical devices to help aging population on their own [14–16].
