**1. Introduction**

Telesurgery is an emerging model in which the physician and the patient are located in geographically distant locations and the physician performs surgery on the patient with the help of surgical robotics, network technology, and virtual reality. The idea of telesurgery was first proposed during wartime, with the aim of providing fast, high-quality surgical treatment to forward hospital trauma patients. However, the progress of related research was slow due to the limited level of robotics, network, and other technologies at that time. The uneven distribution of modern medical resources and the limited distribution of resources in special areas have led to many patients losing the best surgical opportunities, and the demand for telesurgery has increased in modern society. With the development of telecommunication technology and surgical robotics, the idea of telesurgery has gradually become a reality and

has already benefited some patients. Artificial intelligence is a new technical science that delves into the development of theories, methods, core technologies, application software, and control systems for simulating the extension and expansion of the intelligence of the human brain. Its areas include robotics, image recognition, and expert systems. AI has important applications in many medical disciplines.

### **1.1 Method**

We searched for literature on PubMed and the Internet using keywords such as "remote surgery," "artificial intelligence," "digital twin technology," "quantum communication," and "5G network," and summarized the retrieved literature.
