**9. Anonymisation and encryption**

Most countries have regulatory procedures to protect the privacy of the data. The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill 2022, The European Union's new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and Digital Information Security in Health Care Act (DISHA) [48–51] are some of the

acts concerned with the data protection. Anonymisation and encryption are the two methods of protecting the identity of personal data when large databases are created and stored in places accessed in AI or other computer programs. Encoding, anonymization, pseudonymisation, generalisation, masking, data swapping, data perturbation are some of the methods of removing or coding the words that connect the data to its owner, whereby the personal identity. Encrypted data storage in cloud and use of Internet of Things for remote access is in practice. Blockchain based secure sharing of data in healthcare is another form of secure data handling [52–55].
