**2.1 Main 2020–2030 megatrends and how the world has responded to the crisis and the crisis period and later too**

The following megatrends will dominate the next 10 years:


As a result, humans are heading in the following directions in the face of these quantitative and qualitative changes, which are the megatrends that will influence every part of humanity's lives for at least the next 50 years:


*A Worldwide Regression Analysis of Relations between Creativity, Innovation, and Quality… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111744*


#### **2.2 Factors of production**

The inputs utilized in the production process for financial gain are included or described as factors of production. As previously noted, the factors of production in this essay are as follows: (1) land, (2) labor, (3) capital, (4) innovation, and (5) entrepreneurship. (Although some authors include entrepreneurship innovation, innovation is not a sole attribute of entrepreneurs, but of employees and other individuals who are not involved in business activities as well).

It is clear, the cyclical nature of the economy and the cyclical use of production factors have been and continue to be closely related to world history regarding factors of production since preparing the paper carefully followed the developments of the global economy for at least the last 40 years and read the literature on the history of the development of the global economy for at least the last 600 years.

The use of physical factors—land, labor, and capital—that have always been regarded as fixed factors of production was 1 cycle that is currently understood. The other cycle is the use and management of creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurial skills, knowledge, and competencies—that are regarded as non-fixed factors of production. It has been the cycle of use, exploitation, and management of land, labor, and capital that has predominated in some historical and economic development periods, while it has been the cycle of use and management of skills, knowledge, and competencies related to creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship in other historical and economic development periods. The stages of applying these components, which are the stages of entry, growth, maturity, and decline, are what lead to all of this. One cycle enters the entry phase if it is in the decline phase, and the other cycle enters the endpoint phase if it is in the peak maturity phase.

Nowadays, there is a significant quantity of territory (land) in almost every nation that is not utilized, exploited, or managed. Unemployment is extremely high everywhere in the world and primarily affects young people. A lot of free money is also available around the globe, both in banks and in people's pockets, but it is not being invested.

Therefore, it is evident and simple to see that the cycle of use, exploitation, and management of land, labor, and capital is in decline or may have even reached the end of the decline phase. In contrast, the cycle of exploitation, use, and management of creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurial skills is rising or even at its peak. It is difficult to predict how long this phenomenon will last, during which the cycle of the use of fixed factors of production will be declining and the cycle of non-fixed factors

of production will mature. However, one thing is certain: When 1 cycle reaches its growth peak, the other cycle reaches its endpoint, and vice versa.

One of the key components for increasing productivity and economic growth has been, is, and will continue to be the rapid technological advancement and the accumulation of skills, knowledge, and competencies; in this regard, systems and networks that effectively and efficiently disseminate information, skills, knowledge, and competencies are crucial. For this, policies about education, science, industries, and technologies as well as incentives for investments in research and development, ongoing training, support for systems of creativity, innovation, and quality management, as well as infrastructure for these purposes are necessary [3, 4].

#### **2.3 Creativity**

Years of quality management experience have shown that creative (1) processes, (2) procedures, (3) goods, (4) services, (5), and so on, are an important components of creativity or contain it [5–7]. This demonstrates, in essence, that creativity is what initiates first and establishes the conditions for inventive activities to occur, acting as a continuous mental and psychological process for problem identification and solution selection [8].

The process of creativity, which consists of several stages and is characterized by a thinking process where (1) fluid, (2) flexible, (3) original, and (4) elaborative ideas emerge in human brains, includes problem definition, data, figures, and information collection, selecting the best solution among several of them, and from this point creating improved or newly discovered products and services.

Organizations need management expertise and practices, motivation, knowledge, mental acuity, techniques, procedures, people with flexibility and imagination to approach issues, and internal access to the organization related to the elements external (e.g., threats to leave the job or income) and internal to achieve and maintain creativity (such as job satisfaction, employee development).

At this point, employee motivation practices include:


A sign of entrepreneurship studies and the social and psychological skills, knowledge, and competencies of entrepreneurs is the ability of employees and

*A Worldwide Regression Analysis of Relations between Creativity, Innovation, and Quality… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111744*

businesspeople to use creativity to realize products and services with improved and new features. This is accomplished using processes of continuity, brainstorming, conceptions, support, and confidence [9].

According to some authors [10–12], creativity and knowledge creation are essential for successful organizations. These authors also emphasize how communication, infrastructure, technology, and training all play important roles in this process.

Parallel to this, the idea of the "creative class, an important driver of the economies of the modern era," in conjunction with the "3 T regions" (Technology development, talent empowerment, and tolerance for differences), leads to a high concentration of creativity among professionals who strive to have a higher position of economic development [13].

#### **2.4 Innovation**

According to an OECD report [14] and numerous authors [15–19], business is an innovative process that involves human, financial, and material resources as well as the capacity to produce, using skills, knowledge, and managerial and entrepreneurial competences that are developed during a long and important creative process, although at the beginning, the process can be when subjects submit their goods and services to the market, innovation appears to be a process of the practical implementation of ideas brought by the market, and when these subjects work diligently and consistently to enhance their goods and services. Innovation is defined as "an improvement or something new that presents and brings back value" by the ISO 56000:2020 Standard [20].

Improvement, invention, and dissemination—three components of innovation are shared by all authors who have looked at various facets of this topic [21]. While innovation cannot be viewed as only an invention [22] or as if every innovation is an invention in and of itself [23], not all innovations necessitate dealing with the invention [24].

The creation, distribution, and application of skills, knowledge, and competencies within a system can be positively impacted by laws, procedures, and processes, but excessive bureaucracy and a plethora of restrictions are detrimental to innovation [25].

There are three stages to the innovation process: idea generation and idea empowerment, problem resolution and decision-making, and implementation [26].

The primary drivers of innovation are significant system failures, chance, and earnest efforts made by numerous economic agents. Along with this, there are the movements and demographic shifts, the shift in people's attitudes toward innovation and other topics, and the degree of knowledge, skills, and current scientific capabilities, which are important sources of innovation [27].

The tools and techniques used for problem-solving and decision-making, activities that include agents of many and different economics, and this constitutes a very important aspect regarding the outcomes of public and private entities, which are all included in this aspect and are therefore essential to the success, efficiency, and effectiveness of innovations.

The innovative aspects of products and services are brought to the attention of consumers by combining marketing with its components (advertising, publicity,

public relations, and promotion), a process that involves communication, a process that includes the generation of ideas, the work of individual and group intellectuals, and so on, and mostly this mental and intellectual work, innovative technological changes rather than any activity that is necessarily and primarily related to the use of fixed factors of production, land, labor, and capital [28].

The connections between management, leadership, entrepreneurship, inspiration, and creativity have been studied by several authors [29–32].

According to certain writers, the Triple Helix model [33] serves as an infrastructure for innovation, which fosters interaction and the development of the knowledge economy [25, 34]. They contend that those engaged in science and academia are those who produce and disseminate knowledge. These are the facts that the market's economic agents gather and apply [33]. The company generates and offers funding and opportunities for the development of skills, knowledge, and competencies to support innovation, and the government creates and provides incentives to promote and foster innovation [25].

Every incident involving such things as pandemics and natural calamities fosters standard-setting, innovation, and creativity. The growing interest in innovation has been observed during the Covid-19 pandemic period in the areas and industries of public health, education, distant labor, electronic commerce, and so on [35].

#### **2.5 Concepts of quality and quality culture**

Quality, which is ultimately connected to consumers' expectations for the features of goods and services, demonstrates that it is also connected to customers' perceptions, which are conditioned and subjective. Since meeting customer demands at a particular level is essentially what customers desire, quality is defined by ISO standards as doing so.

It was Edward Deming who first suggested that cost-cutting must accompany productivity development to enhance quality. This approach to quality improvement calls for the use of administrative functions, proper processes, and procedures, as well as design and testing methodologies. Quality is what buyers search for in goods and services, according to Peter Drucker. Consumers are always willing to pay more for quality than for the money that producers wish to receive. This leads to the perspective that the essence of quality and quality culture is being able to satisfy consumer requests.

The relationship between quality, quality management, and quality culture and the organization's management, in general, has to do with the strategy of placing the customer at the heart of the business and attending to their demands—a long-term dedication to the client, collaboration, the kaizen approach (constant improvement), ongoing training for employees during their tenure with the organization, setting up the right conditions for the fulfillment of freedom of action through control, empowerment, and involvement of employees, and so on. This quality system encompasses factors such as employees, workplace health and safety, the manufacturing process, organizational finances, information creation and management, research and development, procurement practices [2, 36].

The relationship between management principles and ISO 9001 is depicted in the image below (**Figure 1**):

*A Worldwide Regression Analysis of Relations between Creativity, Innovation, and Quality… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111744*

**Figure 1.**

*The management principles and ISO 9001 relations [37].*

The values necessary to realistically implement continuous improvement are related to quality. For this, several factors are required, through which it is possible to develop the organizational philosophy, the workgroup culture, the mobilization and motivation of people involved in creative and innovative projects, and so on. Many scholars in the field of quality management characterize this as a social conflict that keeps the organization's members united [38].

In the jargon of quality management, this is exactly what subject culture means; it is what ties individuals in an organization together and connects them to the values they support and develop, with how these people naturally use organizational structures, controls, and mechanisms, and so on [39]. This culture encourages you to strive for excellence and creates a setting where everyone in the company is committed to raising quality. Now, each employee sees himself as a customer, a supplier, and an employee. It's a great creative idea to strive to complete everything as well as you can right away.

First, from this perspective, it should be made clear that it is not claimed that since there is room for improvement, there is no reason to do everything well from the start, as this mentality increases costs for the organization. Instead, the approach aims to evaluate every step of the creation of products and services in every organization where a quality culture exists and is functional, as this prevents the passing of time [40].

Thus, the improvement of both individuals and organizations along the path of continuous realization of goods and services, the development of a climate of respect and tolerance among employees, and the development of entrepreneurial skills, knowledge, and competencies are all closely related to quality, its management, and quality culture (4). The capabilities of the organization and proof that these capabilities are regarded and used properly.

The domains that are known and valued by every individual who comprises the organization and who identifies themselves with these domains are what constitute the quality culture, which is manifested in the quality of products and services [41].

The main principles of "achieving goals through training" and "bringing benefits through value and opportunities" [42], which aim for excellence, recognition, and application of best practices and experiences to achieve and maintain standards, are precisely these approaches to quality and quality culture that set Europe apart. This is a managerial strategy that makes it possible for the beliefs, values, and principles of the people who make up the organization and all other interested parties to create and use the culture of this organization. Goals, strategies, and operational objectives are clearly defined, and individuals are responsible for predetermined and defined processes and procedures.

In this regard, many studies have recently been conducted on quality, quality management, quality culture, and their significance for attaining and maintaining competitive advantages, corporations'social responsibility, sustainability, and organizational continuity, as well as the ethics of business activity and raising standards of living, among other topics [2, 39, 43, 44].
