**2. The problem of design**

The current challenges for designers are systemic since the boundaries between objects, structures, systems, and processes are less defined and much more continuous and evolving [11]. It may seem obvious, but the speed of change unveils a challenging question for the current design paradigm, which is the inability of approaches developed in the twentieth century to solve twenty-first century challenges. We live in the storm of the fourth industrial revolution, and it is disrupting the production, management, and government realities we have known for several decades [13]. Therefore, designers need to be empowered by new competences in the physical, digital, and biological spheres [14].
