**1.1 Bacterial biofilms in human infections: Examples and consequences**

Bacteria can grow to a biofilm during favorable condition. Notwithstanding certain species seem to have a preference to form biofilms and examples of these are given in **Table 1** [9]. Centuries ago it was thought that bacteria only existed in free floating forms or as planktonic organisms until the 1970s when they were observed adhering and growing on surfaces [10].

Most of these species form biofilms at their natural sites and constitute the microflora in the human body (**Figure 1**) [9]. Biofilms are extremely resistant to orthodox antimicrobial treatment and to the host immune response. It is reported to play a key role in various chronic infections in human diseases, thereby representing a challenge in clinical settings [9, 11]. The control and treatment of infections caused by biofilms are challenging in medical settings and this has led to the development of novel technology and new strategies to combat microbial biofilms [9].
