**2. Metacognition**

Until 1976, metacognition did not appear in the literature; however, studies on theories of mind in the fields of cognitive sciences, psychology, and education had been conducted [14]. Flavell conducted a study on meta-memory capacities and coined the term "meta-memory" in his work [15, 16]. The productive effect of the 1976 study of Flavell's gives the right track to the introduction of metacognition. Flavell defines meta-memory as "*one's own cognitive processes and outputs, as well as everything associated to them*." Metacognition is the understanding of one's processes of mind and the use of that information to regulate one's own mental processes [17–19]. According to the authors, executive control is a concept in cognitive psychology that consists of two dimensions: monitoring and self-regulation. Other studies have raised the same point in their analyses [20, 21]. Studies on metacognition in numerous aspects have recently increased [22]. Metacognition refers to the process of learning about and managing individuals' brains or cognitive systems for learning [23].
