**9. Discussions**

This study highlighted the significance of transformational learning in promoting the academic and personal growth of second-year students. Transformational learning helps students develop important skills such as critical thinking, problemsolving, and self-awareness, which are crucial for their future success in both academic and professional settings. The impact of the South African context explores how the unique characteristics of South African higher education, such as diversity and access, may influence the nature and outcomes of transformative learning experiences. This includes the role of cultural and social factors in shaping students' perceptions and experiences of transformative learning. The study has broader implications for future research on transformative learning experiences and included the need for further research to explore the effectiveness of specific teaching strategies and pedagogies in promoting transformative learning experiences among students. Transformative learning experiences involve a deep reevaluation of one's beliefs and self-identity, often triggered by reflecting on past experiences. This reflection initiates cognitive processes like critical thinking and metacognition. In contrast, cognitive learning focuses on knowledge acquisition and intellectual skills, including memory and problem-solving. Cognitive skills facilitate the critical reflection central to transformative learning. In essence, transformative learning relies on cognitive processes like critical analysis and metacognition, demonstrating their intertwined relationship as cognitive learning plays a crucial role in the transformative learning process. The study has practical implications for educators on how to design and implement transformative learning experiences that meet the needs and expectations of second-year students.

### **10. Recommendations**

Based on the students' perceptions of transformative learning experiences, several recommendations were made. Institutions should provide a range of experiential learning opportunities such as internships, service learning, study abroad, and extracurricular activities to cater to the diverse needs and interests of students. On the side of supportive and empowering learning environment, Institutions should create an environment that fosters personal growth and self-discovery by providing mentorship, guidance, and support for students as they navigate their transformative learning experiences. Based on encouraging reflection and critical thinking, students reflect on their experiences and engage in critical thinking to deepen their understanding and promote personal growth. It was also recommended that curriculum must ensure that all students have the opportunity to engage in such experiences and benefit from their transformative potential. Institutions should evaluate and assess the impact of transformative learning experiences on students to determine their effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. Therefore, by implementing these recommendations, institutions can help students engage in transformative learning experiences that promote personal growth, enhance their academic and professional development, and prepare them for success in their chosen careers.
