Technical and Vocational Education and Training

*Edited by Jian-Hong Ye and Man Jiang*

Published in London, United Kingdom

Technical and Vocational Education and Training http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107816 Edited by Jian-Hong Ye and Man Jiang

#### Contributors

Alcínia Zita Sampaio, Ana Vujkov, Saroj Malik, Charu Varma, Sadegh Hamedinasab, Marcel Van der Klink, Miriam Goes-Daniëls, Shoko Yamada, Yuki Shimazu, Atsushi Tsujimoto, Boris Kovač, Blanka Vombergar, Urška Petrič Les, Lorenz Lassnigg, Baba Diané, Abdoulaye Diakité, Jian-Hong Ye, Xue Chong, Man Jiang, Shuai Li

#### © The Editor(s) and the Author(s) 2024

The rights of the editor(s) and the author(s) have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights to the book as a whole are reserved by INTECHOPEN LIMITED. The book as a whole (compilation) cannot be reproduced, distributed or used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without INTECHOPEN LIMITED's written permission. Enquiries concerning the use of the book should be directed to INTECHOPEN LIMITED rights and permissions department (permissions@intechopen.com).

Violations are liable to prosecution under the governing Copyright Law.

Individual chapters of this publication are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License which permits commercial use, distribution and reproduction of the individual chapters, provided the original author(s) and source publication are appropriately acknowledged. If so indicated, certain images may not be included under the Creative Commons license. In such cases users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. More details and guidelines concerning content reuse and adaptation can be found at http://www.intechopen.com/copyright-policy.html.

#### Notice

Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

First published in London, United Kingdom, 2024 by IntechOpen IntechOpen is the global imprint of INTECHOPEN LIMITED, registered in England and Wales, registration number: 11086078, 5 Princes Gate Court, London, SW7 2QJ, United Kingdom Printed in Croatia

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Additional hard and PDF copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com

Technical and Vocational Education and Training Edited by Jian-Hong Ye and Man Jiang p. cm.

This title is part of the Education and Human Development Book Series, Volume 12 Topic: Education Series Editor: Katherine K.M. Stavropoulos Topic Editor: Delfín Ortega-Sánchez

Print ISBN 978-1-83769-011-4 Online ISBN 978-1-83769-012-1 eBook (PDF) ISBN 978-1-83769-013-8 ISSN 2755-9513
