*4.1.2 Validity analysis*

The questionnaires in this study were adapted from previous research tools, and the original questionnaires had good reliability and validity. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and a round of content validity review was conducted by three experts with relevant expertise and research experience in related fields to confirm the completeness of the questionnaire content and the comprehensibility of the text. The questionnaire was scored on a 5-point Likert scale.


#### **Table 1.** *Summary of reliability analysis.*
