**4.4 The role of the teacher in PBL, PrBL, and PhBL**

In PBL, PrBL, and PhBL, teachers play a crucial role in guiding and facilitating the learning process. While these pedagogical frameworks shift some of the responsibilities for learning to students, teachers remain essential to create a supportive and structured environment.

Key roles include:

• Design and planning. Teachers select or approve appropriate projects, problems, or phenomena, align them with curriculum standards, establish learning goals, and define the scope of the project.

*Integrating STEM: An Interdisciplinary Approach to PreK-12 Education DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114009*


Through the process of leading PBL, PrBL, and PhBL activities, the teacher's role evolves from being the sole source of information to becoming a guide, mentor, role model, and facilitator of student learning. The teacher empowers all students to take personal ownership of their learning and develop essential skills and knowledge through their own research.
