**1. Introduction**

The chapter starts out by encapsulating the conceptual underpinnings of international business (IB) strategy, the theory of the MNC and motives to go abroad. In order to (re-)strategize possible strategic avenues of MNCs under increasingly challenging conditions, this text draws on typology-driven theorising and reflects on the convergence of the IB strategy literature and institutionalism. The chapter also discusses the impact of environmental discontinuities, current research trajectories and questions for future research.
