**1. Introduction**

The M-E-O (Man-Environment-Organism) concept [1] as a human ecological model is made up of nests and niches of natural, social, technological, and infospheric environments that are connected and surround the human actor and its communities. The M-E-O model in the present coevolutionary context implies Kenneth Boulding's theory of ecodynamics [2], the General Theory of Evolution by Vilmos Csányi [3], Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory and his hybrid concept [4], and coevolutionary processes based on the concept of niche construction [5] in which interacting natural, social, technological, and infospheric niches influence each other in an ecodynamic (competitive, predating, symbiotic, neutral, or saprophytic) manner through human agency. This transactive network of four (natural, social, technological, and infospheric) poles generates the event space to visualize the dynamics of coexistence, and offers a schematic "co-ontology." (**Figure 1**) [7].

The niche construction-based neo-evolutionary framework might help to bridge these different frames of understanding based on the coevolutionary reciprocity of sociocultural changes and evolution. According to Dawkins, organisms can directly transmit environmental artifacts to the next generation with niche constructive

#### **Figure 1.**

*Mutual niche construction and selection of artifacts, ideas, and social forms through human agency [6].*

potential, like the built environment, technological know-how transferred by imitative learning or other ways, and social structures (e.g., mating and hunting practices). *Niche construction* influences epigenetic transmission, including gene-meme interactions and gene–environment coevolution.

The four-dimensional concept of evolution is based on the interrelationships of genetic, epigenetic, behavioral, and symbolic inheritance systems [7]. It implies the tetrahedron M-E-O model with its natural (genetic and epigenetic), behavioral, social and cultural (symbolic inheritance), and technological (influencing all inheritance systems) dimensions.

The M-E-O model (Lázár, 1997) [1, 6] and the ANT (Actor Network Theory) in the 1980s, created by Callon [8], Latour [9], Law [10], and Latour's "hybrid" concept [4], show converging elements, with a common conclusion that modernist nature/culture dualism is no longer an appropriate framework to describe our reality. The growth and structure of knowledge could be analyzed and interpreted through the interactions of actors and networks. Actants denote human and nonhuman actors in a network of relations based on their functional relevance. One might map the relations that are simultaneously material (between things) and infospherical (as concepts in semiotic terms). ANT assumes that many relationships are both material and semiotic. According to Latour, elements of the actor-network also have at least three attributes: "*The first one is to attribute to them naturality, and to link them with nature. The second one is to grant them sociality, and to tie them to the social fabric. The third one is to consider them as a semiotic construction, and to relate agency with building of meaning."* [10]. The clusters of actors involved in creating meaning are both material and semiotic and usually embedded in the technospherical context of human practice.
