Preface

The genomic pool is an invaluable biological treasure trove associated with evolutionary biology. The genomic structure depicts certain sequences in DNA molecules, which are directly involved in encoding the related information in genetic language (**Figure 1**). In this regard, comparative genomics enables us to focus on molecular bases and evolutionary origins [1]. Furthermore, the study of comparative population genetics supports us in identifying the functional activities of both hypothetical and new genes [2]. The study of genomic elements, including DNA molecules, may provide a deep and rigorous understanding of what happens in population genetics and the different kinds of signatures that can provide accurate perspectives in the field of evolutionary biology across diverse organisms, ranging from simple to complex levels and from unicellular to multicellular entities.

This book is a collection of ten chapters written by international scientists. It is organized into six sections. Section 1 includes Chapter 1, "Coevolutionary Dynamism of Man-Environment-Organism". Section 2 includes Chapter 2, "Recent Advancement on In-Silico Tools for Whole Transcriptome Analysis" and Chapter 3, "Approaches to Improve the Immunogenicity of Plasmid DNA-Based Vaccines against COVID-19" Section 3 includes Chapter 4, "Useful Molecular and Cytogenetic Approaches in

**Figure 1.**

*The structure of a DNA molecule as the basic genetic material in genomics, population genetics, and evolutionary biology (biorender.com).*

Population Genetics Studies of Pine Species" and Chapter 5, "Sexual Dimorphism in Physiological Reactions to Biotope Type (the Case Study in Ground Beetles)" Section 4 includes Chapter 6, "Population Genetic Structure of Marine Fishes" and Chapter 7, "Founder Effect: Breeding a Dog for the Elderly Gentleman Reveals an Animal Model of a Human Genetic Disorder" Section 5 includes Chapter 8, "Genetic Revelation of the Potentially Malignant Disorders in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region" Finally, Section 6 includes Chapter 9, "The Hidden Factor of Azoospermia: Telomere Effect" and Chapter 10, "Current Technologies for Measuring or Predicting Telomere Length from Genomic Datasets" As editor, I believe that this book will be a useful academic resource for colleagues worldwide.

I would like to thank the staff at IntechOpen, especially Publishing Process Manager Kristina Kardum Cvitan who supported me throughout this project.
