Preface

In the face of unprecedented challenges posed by climate change, the world of agriculture stands at a critical juncture. As global temperatures rise, weather patterns shift, and extreme events become more frequent, traditional farming methods are increasingly vulnerable. Recognizing the urgency of the situation, this book, *Climate Smart Greenhouses – Innovations and Impacts*, emerges as a timely exploration of cutting-edge technologies and sustainable practices that promise to revolutionize greenhouse agriculture.

The introductory chapter lays the groundwork, painting a vivid picture of the impact of climate change on agriculture. It sets the stage for a deep dive into the concept of climate-smart greenhouses, innovative solutions designed to adapt to and mitigate the challenges posed by a changing climate.

Hydroponic production systems take center stage in Chapter 2, revealing how this soilless cultivation method holds the key to resource-efficient and sustainable crop production within the confines of a greenhouse. Through practical examples and case studies, readers will gain insights into the transformative potential of hydroponics.

Chapter 3 addresses the environmental footprint of agriculture, focusing on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The discussion not only highlights the role of agriculture in greenhouse gas emissions but also provides feasible mitigation strategies. This chapter underscores the importance of adopting climate-smart practices to achieve a balance between food production and environmental stewardship.

Transitioning to the economic and environmental dimensions, Chapter 4 explores innovative greenhouse technologies. From energy-efficient designs to advanced monitoring systems, this chapter showcases how forward-thinking approaches can not only improve economic viability but also contribute to environmental sustainability.

Chapter 5 takes us to the African continent, providing a comprehensive review of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) for vegetable production. With a spotlight on tomatoes, onions, and cabbage, this chapter explores how CEA practices can transform agriculture, addressing food security challenges and fostering economic development in Africa.

In Chapter 6, readers are introduced to a simulation of a novel cooling system tailored for closed greenhouse environments. The discussion goes beyond theory, presenting practical insights into the potential impact of such innovations on energy consumption and overall sustainability in greenhouse farming.

The final chapter conducts a life cycle assessment of a natural gas power plant, calculating impact potentials and emphasizing the delicate balance between energy production and greenhouse gas emissions. By addressing the environmental implications of

energy choices in greenhouse operations, this chapter encourages readers to reflect on the interconnectedness of agriculture and broader environmental issues.

As we embark on this journey through *Climate Smart Greenhouses – Innovations and Impacts*, we hope that the diverse perspectives, innovative solutions, and practical insights contained within these pages will inspire a collective commitment to sustainable agriculture. This book is not just a compilation of chapters; it is a testament to the shared responsibility we all bear in nurturing our planet and securing a resilient future for generations to come.

May these pages catalyze change, spark conversations, foster collaboration, and pave the way for a greener, more sustainable future in greenhouse agriculture.

Warm regards!

### **Ahmed A. Abdelhafez**

Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soils and Water, New Valley University, Egypt

National Committee of Soil Science, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Egypt

#### **Mohamed H.H. Abbas**

Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soils and Water, Benha University, Banha, Egypt

### Section 1
