**5. Conclusions**

Precision agriculture (PA), which aims to optimize crop yields and reduce waste, while minimizing the impact on the environment by applying crop input and agronomic practices according to the spatial and temporal variability in field conditions and crop requirements, is a new or latest farming practice. It can also be defined as an agricultural application using modern technologies such as GPS, GIS, yield monitors, near-infrared reflectance sensing, remote sensing, IoT sensors, drones, computer vision, LIDAR, big data processing, and artificial intelligence. PA is still in its infancy and its adoption varies greatly although it is the agricultural system of the future and has tremendous benefits. This chapter has given an extensive literature survey on PA and its practices in cotton production along with several considerations and challenges. Also, the information about the main apparatus and instruments used in PA are given in the chapter. Furthermore, the main factors affecting the adoption of PA in cotton production are highlighted. According to the results of the articles reviewed within the scope of this chapter, the adoption sequence of PAT in cotton production is different from that in grain production because of the lack of reliable yield monitoring technologies for cotton. The studies showed that many factors including sociodemographic, economic, institutional infrastructure, etc., affected the adoption of PAT. In the studies, some common issues affecting the adaption of PA are presented as data management, hardware cost, lack of information, interoperability, connectivity, environmental variation, uncertainty in returns from adoption, high fixed cost, farmers' lack of awareness of the existing PAT in the market, farm size, exposure to extension activities, and the age-education.
