**4.7 Conservation of major beneficial insects**

Many beneficial insects for cotton farming system have been reported from different countries including Australia that predates and parasitize on cotton pests especially hymenopterans mainly including spiders, true bugs, lacewings, some beetles and hymenopteran parasitoids etc. [110–112]. But because of limited available methods to increase their populations for their effective use as bio control agents make them hard in this scenario. But it have been found that under unsprayed cotton fields these pests generally effective to low the pest infestations [113], but it depends on the type of pests [114, 115]. The vegetative area is extremely low in many cotton growing regions including Australia [112] that ultimately showing the no provision of refuge sites for natural enemies. That's why the beneficial insects prefers to migrate to other places for their better survival, for over wintering stage to pass and less competitive food resources [111, 112, 116]. So by planning effective agro farming systems these beneficial insects could be conserved by providing them refuge crops, provision of food baits, inoculative releases, tolerating early season pest attack, resistant varieties, use of selective and appropriate insecticides etc.
