**1. Introduction**

The textile industry is undergoing a paradigm shift as sustainability becomes a central concern in every facet of production. Naturally colored cotton has become a popular and environmentally sustainable replacement for commercially dyed cotton during this phase. The pursuit of naturally colored cotton aligns with the growing demand for sustainable practices that reduce the environmental impact of textile production, such as the excessive use of water and chemicals in dyeing processes [1, 2]. This chapter explores the innovative realm of naturally colored cotton, exploring its significance, potential benefits and the diverse techniques employed to cultivate and harness its unique characteristics. From conventional breeding and genetic engineering to mutation breeding and hybridization, the techniques used to produce naturally colored cotton exemplify the intricate interplay between science, agriculture and sustainable fashion. Through this exploration, we aim to shed light on the promising

prospects and challenges that lie ahead in the realm of naturally colored cotton, underscoring its potential to revolutionize the textile landscape by weaving together vibrant hues with ecological consciousness.
