**13. Conclusion and key take away**

About 1.7 million people in Pakistan are involved in the value chain of cotton farming. Pakistan ranks fourth globally in terms of the amount of cotton lint produced. Nowadays, a multitude of biotic and abiotic variables provide numerous obstacles for cotton. Biotic variables, which are major contributors to the decline in cotton yield, include weeds, illnesses, and insect pests. Weeds and pest insects that feed on nectar are major problems in the beginning. Using pesticides is not the only approach to managing insect infestations. Starting with the selection of seed kinds resistant to pest insects is the right course of action. Every element, including fertilizer use and irrigation, contributes to the proliferation of pests. The attack of sucking insect pests is increased when nitrogenous fertilizers are used excessively. It is advisable to promote the use of green lacewing and ladybird beetles to reduce the number of sucking pests, such as whiteflies and jassids. Various management techniques are used depending on the type of insect problem.
