**4.6 Sampling and monitoring of pests**

The fundamental step in studying population dynamics and decision making for effective pest control strategies is sampling. For different agro farming systems sampling considered to be as primary tool. Correct sampling measures at right time not only helpful in effective pest management program but also used to check and evaluate the management options and their efficiency. In Arizona, with the effective sampling tactics and their implementation, the successful control of whitefly have been achieved [102]. In present situation as Bt cotton have been grown on worldwide basis, so by following efficient sampling procedures beneficial insects (natural enemies) could be conserved as well.
