**4. Management of biotic factors**

In the current scenario, chemical control is the main tactic for pest and disease control, mostly farmers rely on use of synthetic insecticides, fungicides, bactericides and nematicides etc. to reduce pest infestation and disease control. On worldwide basis, to control or manage the pests and diseases conventional chemicals used. Bu however the non-judicious or inappropriate use of these synthetic pesticides have severe impacts on climate overall by damaging human and animal health, environmental degradation, resistance problem among insect pests and killing non target insects. Thus, in this regard it is necessary to design some ecofriendly and effective pest and pathogen management techniques [99] by following pre planned IPM program.
