**Abstract**

Cotton, one of the most important crops in the world, is threatened by a wide range of pests that lower both yield and quality. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has come to be a comprehensive and eco-friendly method to tackle these issues while decreasing the need for synthetic pesticides. The first section of this chapter gives a general review of cotton as an essential agricultural commodity and its significance to the textile industry. After that, it explores the origins and evolution of IPM, providing an indepth understanding of its concepts and the necessary elements needed to successfully apply it to cotton cultivation. Biological control, cultural practices, chemical control, host plant resistance, and other pest management strategies covered by Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are highlighted, along with how best to integrate them for maximum efficacy. Use of technology (Artificial intelligence) in early identification and detection of pest is necessary because it can help in timely decision making for pest management. Analyzing the ecological effects of IPM also gives information on how to reduce the amount of chemicals in cotton fields and preserve beneficial fauna. It is an important tool for farmers, academics, and policymakers who want to increase cotton profitability and long-term viability while reducing its negative effects on the environment and encouraging a stronger agricultural ecosystem.

**Keywords:** sustainable cotton production, integrated pest management, cotton insect pests, sucking pests of cotton, chewing pests of cotton
