**8. Conclusion**

The notable decrease in maize production resulting from various biotic and abiotic stresses raises substantial concerns. To address these challenges, farmers frequently turn to the application of chemical pesticides as they offer a rapid remedy. The negative consequences of widespread pesticide use on both human health and the environment have spurred the exploration of alternative pest control methods. Host plant resistance recognized as an eco-friendly strategy, has emerged as a vital component within Integrated Pest Management (IPM) initiatives. Maize varieties with stress resistance or tolerance offer a sustainable and environmentally conscious means of managing pests. Although strides have been made in pinpointing resistance sources for both biotic and abiotic stress in crops, traditional approaches for crafting such resilient or tolerant maize varieties are arduous and time-consuming. This is mainly attributable to the intricate character of quantitative traits, which are influenced by numerous genetic loci. Nevertheless, contemporary biotechnological tools, particularly various omics techniques, present encouraging prospects for creating sustainable, multi-faceted resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Omics methodologies are currently being harnessed to develop novel plant resistance attributes that provide robust protection against various stresses in maize cultivation. This entails the utilization of innovative molecules, resistant genes, and the alteration of gene expression. The anticipated progress in biotechnological innovations, encompassing genome editing, genetic transformation, and marker-assisted breeding, among other methods, is poised to expedite the development of disease-resistant crops, both in the present and in the times ahead. RNA interference and genome editing through CRISPR/Cas9 represent novel approaches for creating disease-resistant crops. Biotechnology has emerged as a valuable instrument for tackling the worldwide pest challenge, resulting

*Enhancing Maize (*Zea mays *L.) Crop through Advanced Techniques: A Comprehensive Approach DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114029*

in the production of economically efficient, pesticide-resistant, and environmentally friendly insect-resistant crops. When employed judiciously and ethically, biotechnology holds the promise of delivering substantial advantages.
