**3. Delivery of modernizing technologies**

Developmental importance is attached to how proven, accompanying maize technologies are packaged for deployment and then managed as transferable assets within large programs and institutions [12, 66]. These technologies exist as production inputs, crop and land management options, and opportunities for contracted services. Combining these technologies into packages that result in improved yields offering reliable, profitable returns, and then scaling these packages to increasingly larger adopters may be viewed as central to agricultural transformation strategies, and major programs and institutional innovations are forming around this goal [11, 66–68]. In some cases, farmers are committed to older and traditional varieties for reasons other than their productive capacity or marketability, and efforts may be directed to convince them of a need for change [69].

#### **3.1 Follow up to the Dakar 2 summit**

The agricultural development community must mobilize and sustain country and development partners' commitment to agricultural transformation. To do so, Regional Member Countries of the African Development Bank first presented individual country food and Agriculture Delivery Compacts at the Dakar 2 Summit [70]. These planning documents are being formalized into standardized Agricultural Transformation Agendas through assistance from international development partners. Presidential Advisory Councils supervise each of the Country Compacts (see **Box 1**) led by the Head of State or their directly appointed representative and then report to the AfDB President through a Special Envoy. This mechanism is intended to provide high-level policy guidance toward the Feed Africa priorities. Several policies are associated with successful efforts toward agricultural transformation, including progressive regulation of seed systems, duty-free entry of agricultural inputs and equipment, ready movement of production inputs across borders, special incentives and provisions for agricultural loans, and others. Tracking the establishment and operations of the Country Compacts ensures that the necessary ingredients and actors needed for agricultural transformation are in place. The Dakar 2 process also involves working with key funding partners and the private sector to mobilize additional resources. The first challenge is to ensure that funds pledged for agricultural transformation materialize, and this is best accomplished by building confidence among different potential contributors that timely and significant progress is being made. In some cases, the Country Compacts represent a means to consolidate and more efficiently organize various,

ACKNOWLEDGE that the Country Food and Agriculture Delivery Compacts developed at this Summit were prepared and are owned by African countries, which convey the vision, challenges, and opportunities in agricultural productivity, infrastructure, processing and value addition, markets, and financing that will accelerate the implementation of the African Union's Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP);

AGREE that it is time for Africa to feed itself and fully unlock its agriculture potential to help feed the world;

HEREBY RESOLVE to undertake the following:

Finalize the development of the Country Food and Agriculture Delivery Compact endorsed at the Dakar 2 Summit in collaboration with country stakeholders, development partners, and the private sector to achieve food security and self-sufficiency;

Establish Presidential Delivery Councils to oversee the implementation of the Country Food and Agriculture Delivery Compacts;

Support the implementation of the Country Food and Agriculture Delivery Compacts with time-bound and clearly measurable indicators for success, including concrete national policies, incentives, and regulations to establish an enabling environment for wider and accelerated investments across the agriculture sector;

Mobilize internal and external financing for the Country Food and Agriculture Delivery Compacts from a broad range of bilateral and multilateral partners and the private sector;

Increase financing from national budgets to support the Country Food and Agriculture Delivery Compacts in line with the Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods by allocating at least 10% of public expenditure to agriculture; and.

Request that the African Union Commission and the African Development Bank follow up with various development partners to finalize their planned financial support to complement the \$30 billion of financing announced at this Summit (now \$70 billion) and to report on the overall investment of development partners; and ensure that the Dakar 2 Summit's Declaration is submitted to the February 2023 African Union Summit for consideration.

**Box 1.**

*Declaration summary extracted from the Dakar 2 feed Africa summit.*

and sometimes underperforming, agricultural development projects. Notably, underspending of past loans and grants because of disruption by the COVID-19 pandemic still occurs, and it is important to see these projects incorporated into and revitalized by the Country Compacts.
