**2.2 Novel extraction methods and technologies**

Traditionally, essential oils were obtained through distillation or cold pressing methods. However, recent advances in extraction technologies have revolutionized the efficiency and quality of essential oil production, expanding the scope of applications.

• *Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE):* Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction has gained popularity due to its ability to yield high-quality essential oils without leaving behind harmful residues. SFE allows for precise control of

temperature and pressure, preserving the delicate aromatic compounds of the plant material [15].

