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### IntechOpen Book Series Physiology Volume 22

### Aims and Scope of the Series

Modern physiology requires a comprehensive understanding of the integration of tissues and organs throughout the mammalian body, including the cooperation between structure and function at the cellular and molecular levels governed by gene and protein expression. While a daunting task, learning is facilitated by identifying common and effective signaling pathways mediated by a variety of factors employed by nature to preserve and sustain homeostatic life. As a leading example, the cellular interaction between intracellular concentration of Ca+2 increases, and changes in plasma membrane potential is integral for coordinating blood flow, governing the exocytosis of neurotransmitters, and modulating gene expression and cell effector secretory functions. Furthermore, in this manner, understanding the systemic interaction between the cardiovascular and nervous systems has become more important than ever as human populations' life prolongation, aging and mechanisms of cellular oxidative signaling are utilised for sustaining life. Altogether, physiological research enables our identification of distinct and precise points of transition from health to the development of multimorbidity throughout the inevitable aging disorders (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, age-related macular degeneration, cancer). With consideration of all organ systems (e.g., brain, heart, lung, gut, skeletal and smooth muscle, liver, pancreas, kidney, eye) and the interactions thereof, this Physiology Series will address the goals of resolving (1) Aging physiology and chronic disease progression (2) Examination of key cellular pathways as they relate to calcium, oxidative stress, and electrical signaling, and (3) how changes in plasma membrane produced by lipid peroxidation products can affect aging physiology, covering new research in the area of cell, human, plant and animal physiology.

## Meet the Series Editor

Prof. Dr. Thomas Brzozowski works as a professor of Human Physiology and is currently a Chairman at the Department of Physiology and is V-Dean of the Medical Faculty at Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. His primary area of interest is physiology and pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with a major focus on the mechanism of GI mucosal defense, protection, and ulcer healing. He was a postdoctoral NIH fellow

at the University of California and the Gastroenterology VA Medical Center, Irvine, Long Beach, CA, USA, and at the Gastroenterology Clinics Erlangen-Nuremberg and Munster in Germany. He has published 290 original articles in some of the most prestigious scientific journals and seven book chapters on the pathophysiology of the GI tract, gastroprotection, ulcer healing, drug therapy of peptic ulcers, hormonal regulation of the gut, and inflammatory bowel disease.

## Meet the Volume Editors

Professor Dr. María Elena Hernández Aguilar works at the Brain Research Institute, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México. She received her BSc in Biology from Universidad Veracruzana, México, and her MSc and Ph.D. from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México in 1993 and 1997, respectively. Her research concentrates on molecular mechanisms involved in prostate cancer. She also investigates how the major pelvic ganglia may

be involved in the generation of prostate cancer when neurons have degenerated. She coordinates Ph.D. theses in brain research studies and teaches neuroendocrinology to Ph.D. students. She is a member of the Southeastern Mexican chapter of the Society for Neuroscience and the Mexican Society of Urogenital Sciences. Dr. Aguilar is the recipient of the 2021 State Science and Technology Award.

Professor Dr. Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu works at the Brain Research Institute, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México. He received his BSc in Experimental Biology from the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztalapa, México, in 1992. He obtained an MSc in Molecular Biology and Genetics from the Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, IPN, México, in 1996, and a Ph.D. in Neurobiology from Weizmann Institute of Science,

Rehovot, Israel, in 2001. He is an expert in Alzheimer's disease research, principally analyzing tau protein transport in the neural axon and in relation to Alzheimer's disease. He has published book chapters on brain rehabilitation. He is president and member of the Southeastern Mexican chapter of the Society for Neuroscience. Dr. Abreu is involved in the training of doctoral students and teaches molecular and cellular neurobiology and bioinformatics to Ph.D. students.

### Contents




*by Felipe Fanine de Souza, Julia Petry Trevisani and Felipe Ibiapina dos Reis*
