**5. Summary and conclusions**

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive treatment for those patients with severe aortic stenosis who cannot be treated surgically due to surgical risk. The first human experience was demonstrated in 2002 and after this date, it started to be performed all over the world. As the experience on this subject increases, TAVR has been brought to the agenda in patients with intermediate and low surgical risk, and studies on this subject are continuing. The procedure is generally performed by femoral approach. Different approaches (transapical, transaortic, subclavian/axillary, transcarotid, suprasternal and transcaval) can be used in patients who are not anatomically suitable for the femoral approach. Venous access was also obtained with two arterial access. A temporary pacemaker is placed via the venous route. Main arterial site is for delivery system and second site is for pigtail. Two types of valves can be used in the TAVR process: self-expandable (SE) and balloon-expandable (BE). In this chapter, we discuss valve types, which valve type will be preferred in which patient, the technical parts of different accesses and the specific complications of the procedures, and the points to be considered during the procedure.
