**2. Delay in construction projects**

Delays in construction projects are caused by several variables. According to Desai and Bhatt, a construction delay is a time overrun in which the project's completion date is later than the date stipulated in the contract or takes longer to finish than the date on which the parties originally agreed to deliver the project [3]. Delays in construction projects are now becoming a frequent problem in most projects due to various reasons that vary from one project to another. Regardless of the reasons for the delay or who is at fault, project delays decrease the contract's value [1]. Therefore, the project manager is crucial in ensuring that the projects are finished within the budgeted time and cost, as stipulated in the contract because delays in construction projects create stress and worry for all the parties under the terms of the contract [4]. There are various types of delays in construction projects, which are based on the source or the affected parties for this delay. For example, construction delays can be categorized into critical delays, non-critical delays, causable delays, non-causable delays, and concurrent delays according to Thorat et al. [5]. According to Ahmed et al. [6], delays may be non-excusable, excusable (with or without compensation), or concurrent. Non-excusable delays are those that are brought on by the contractor, a subcontractor, or another party but are within the contractor's control [6]. Based on the various studies, the major types of delay in construction projects can be summarized into three types, which are excusable delay, non-excusable delay, and concurrent delays, as shown in **Figure 1**.
