**3. Causes of delay**

Many studies have found multiple reasons for project delays, from which many projects in various countries, whether developing or developed, have suffered. Where the causes and the extent of their impact varied according to economic, political, and social factors. For example, even though Malaysia is a nation that is noted for its rapid development, there are still times when projects are delayed. About 17.3% of Malaysia's 417 government projects in 2005 were deemed sick, meaning they had been postponed for more than 3 months or abandoned. One of the industries that significantly contributes to Malaysia's economic expansion is the building industry. However, some of the reasons for and outcomes of construction project delays might be classified as nation-specific [10, 11].

On the other hand, Long et al. [3] discovered that several issues arise in Vietnam throughout the execution of a building project, with schedule and cost overruns being the two main concerns. Another study in Saudi Arabia, Assaf et al. [12] conducted research about construction project delays in different types of projects in the state. It was concluded that 70% of projects experience time overruns [4]. **Table 1** summarizes the most causes of delay in construction projects that are related to different countries.

It is clear in **Table 1** that there are several reasons for the delay in construction projects located in different countries. With the reasons differing from one project to another due to the difference in size, location, type, scope, and requirements. It also differs from one country to another due to the difference in economic, social, and political conditions.

The project manager is crucial in ensuring that the projects are finished within the budgeted time and cost, as stipulated in the contract because delays in construction projects create stress and worry for all the parties under the terms of the contract [4].

According to a study by Rahsid et al. [15], classification in his research is one of the project participants, such as the contractor, the owner, or the consultant, may be


#### **Table 1.**

*The main causes of delay in construction projects in different countries.*

at fault for the delay. On the other hand, the causes may be related to factors within the project such as delays in the supply of materials, poor management of the site, and difficulty in moving within the project [14]. The delay may also occur as a result of poor relations between the parties involved in the project, whether it is between the owner and the contractor or the contractor and the consultant. Also, it may be a bad relationship between the contractor and his staff on site.

These various reasons clearly affect the success of the project in completing within the required standards related to time, cost, and quality. The impact of the delay in completing the project was not limited to the project only but extended to all other ramifications around the project.
