**4. Risk of delay**

The construction project sector is considered one of the vital sectors that contribute to raising the efficiency of the economy in general. Despite this, it is considered one of the sectors most exposed to various risks. One of these risks is the delay in the completion of projects, the effects of which appeared on the project in particular, as well as its stakeholders, which later extended to the entire sector, in addition to other sectors related to this sector. There are various types of risks in construction projects namely: financial risk, time-related risk, technical risk, market risk, nature risk, external risk, and risk related to the human factor and workplace safety [16]. Sources of construction hazards are listed by Cohen and Palmer as changes in project scope and requirements, design flaws and omissions, poorly defined roles and duties, a lack of qualified employees, force majeure, and new technology [17].

### *Risk of Delay in Construction Projects DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112594*

Therefore, during the planning phase of the project life cycle, it is important to provide risk analysis. The results of the risk analysis at this stage will help to reduce the different types of risks that occur during the construction phase. This analysis should be the responsibility of the main stakeholders in the project. However, choosing the appropriate method to respond to risks is an important management process of risk analysis.

The research done by Szymański [16] gave examples of selected situations of reactions on how the investor, contractor, or interested party in a specific situation progresses when making judgments on developing risks, namely: avoiding risk, risk mitigation, dispersion of risk, and absorbing risk.

The factors that cause construction delays that are frequently challenging to fix are time, cost, scope of work, material delivery, benefits, process, resources, stakeholders, or organization [18]. Therefore, when performing their various duties, project team members, in particular customers, consultants, and contractors, should eliminate or mitigate delays [19]. According to a study by Al-Bahar and Crandall [20] the risk identification process is summarized in **Figure 2**.

Tight project schedules, design variations, lengthy approval processes in administrative government departments, client variations, incomplete approval and other documents, inappropriate construction program planning, and insufficient program scheduling are time-related risks identified by Zou et al. [21] that have an impact on project delivery [21].

**Figure 2.** *Risk identification process framework.*
