**7. Conclusions**

Allogeneic islet transplantation has become the standard therapy for unstable type 1 diabetic patients for avoiding severe hypoglycemia. Considering a large number of type 1 diabetic patients, donor shortage is an issue for allogeneic islet transplantation. To overcome the donor shortage, xenogeneic islet transplantation had been conducted for more than 10 years, and recently stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cell transplantation began. With advanced technology, we wish type 1 diabetes will become a curable disease.
