**1. Introduction**

Phosphorous (P) is an essential macronutrient in plants [1, 2] which represents 0.12% of earth's crust [3, 4]. The sources of P are available in both organic and inorganic forms [2, 5], which are non-renewable and cannot be substituted [4, 6]. Rock phosphate (apatite) is the best P source compared to the other P resources such as soil, clay, plant and animal matter [4], which is commonly used for phosphate fertiliser production also [7]. Phosphorous is reaching to be a plant nutrient that will limit crop

production in the next millennium. P is a major growth-limiting mineral, and unlike nitrogen, there is no large atmospheric source that can provide biologically available P. Furthermore, the low bioavailability of phosphate limits the efficacy of P fertiliser. As the option to manage the bioavailability of phosphate for plants, phosphate-solubilising microorganisms (PSM) can be an effective, eco-friendly and sustainable tool. PSM contributes to improving plant growth and yield while reducing the need for chemical fertilisers that can have negative impacts on the environment. Additionally, PSM phosphate solubilisation can help to improve the overall health and fertility of the soil, promoting sustainable agriculture practices [8].
