**Abstract**

Soil phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in regulating plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere. This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the role of P in plant physiology, growth, and its availability in soil. Phosphorus acquisition and uptake, its impact on plant metabolism, and its influence on plant growth and development are reviewed in this chapter. The mechanisms by which plants acquire P from the soil, including the production of phosphatase enzymes, secretion of organic acids, mycorrhizal symbiosis, changes in root morphology, phosphorus use efficiency, and mobilization and transporters, are also reviewed. The chapter also explores the impact of P on microbial communities in the rhizosphere and its role in plant-microbe interactions. Finally, the implications of P availability in the rhizosphere for sustainable agriculture and crop production are discussed, highlighting the potential for improving P availability in the soil to enhance agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability.

**Keywords:** soil phosphorus, plant-microbe interactions, phosphorus acquisition and uptake, rhizosphere microbial communities, sustainable agriculture and crop production
