**1. Introduction**

Chronic kidney disease as a long-term condition is a common chronic disease characterized by progressive and irreversible damage and loss of the function of kidneys and often leads to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) [1, 2]. The prevalence of ESKD continues to increase globally [3, 4]. In 2010, there were 2.62 million patients with ESKD worldwide receiving renal replacement therapies, and the number of people needed for dialysis was projected to double by 2030 [5]. Moreover, it has been predicted that chronic kidney disease will be the fifth leading cause of mortality by 2040 [6]. Chronic kidney disease has a major global economic impact and influence on global health and quality of life of patients and their family [7].
