**1. Introduction**

Kidney failure, currently called acute kidney injury in children and adults alike, is growing daily and can be life threatening if associated with organ failure. The substitutive treatment of this renal failure is the renal replacement therapy (RRT). This ensures the removal of water and fluids that are not or are no longer sufficiently supplied by the kidneys: Acute renal failure (ARF) remains the oldest indication, regardless of the age of the patients [1]. Our objective will provide a synthesis in the area of RRT in children through a few literature reviews. The incidence of the use of RRT varies in the published series from 0.7 to 2.4% of admissions, that is, a maximum of 20 cases per year for the largest units [1–5] and its occurrence worsens the life-threatening. Overall fluid overload is a factor associated with mortality [1–6].
