**2. Psychological interventions**

Psychological interventions are set of strategies that can be used to change behavior, cognition, or emotions [28]. It refers to relationships designed to increase an individual's ability to adapt to a situation and optimize his or her personal resources in relation to autonomy, self-knowledge, and self-help [29]. Psychological interventions not only have the potential to reduce depression and anxiety among patients receiving hemodialysis [30] but also improves their quality of life [31, 32]. In other words, psychological interventions can promote mental health that can prevent the occurrence of psychological disorders, for example, depression. It is extremely important to understand that mental health is more than just the absence of mental disorders [33]. According to World Health Organization, mental health is described as:

*"Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community. It is an integral component of health and well-being that underpins our individual and collective abilities to make decisions, build relationships and shape the world we live in" [33].*

Therefore, it is important to improve the quality of life even in the absence of any mental health problem by fostering healthy thoughts and behaviors [34], which can be possible by incorporating psychological interventions in health care of HD patients. Hence, the use of psychological intervention with ESRD patients on maintenance HD is extremely important.
