**4.1 Dialysis**

Dialysis options include hemodialysis (HD), which can either be done at home (HHD) or in-center (ICHD), or peritoneal dialysis (PD). There are two types of PD including Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) or Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD). In CAPD method, the schedule of dialysis fluid exchanges is done by hand. However, in the APD method, a machine called

"cycler" is used to empty and fill the peritoneal cavity three to five times during the night [3, 16, 17].

#### **4.2 Kidney transplantation**

Kidney transplantation is the most effective and preferred form of renal replacement therapy which has a significant survival benefit compared with other renal replacement therapies. Using a kidney transplantation procedure, a new healthy donor kidney is placed in the patient's body. It can offer a longer and more active life for patients with kidney failure. Moreover, there are fewer limitations on diet and fluid intake. However, patients should take immunosuppressant or anti-rejection medicines as long as the new kidney works to keep the immune system less active [18].
