**6. Conclusions**

This study first explored the relationship between UHC and medical innovations. The results suggested that expansion of the real economy and public investment is necessary for the progress of the medical system. Next, the method of explaining the medical and socioeconomic value of lifesaving was explained using HD research reports as examples. Based on the findings of previous studies, we highlighted case studies on the cost-effectiveness of renal replacement therapy and clarified that the performance of KT was generally better than that of other therapies. Finally, research on the medical economics of marginal donors against the backdrop of considering measures to promote KT was introduced. In the future, it will be important to select an appropriate therapy to further increase its clinical value for patients with ESRD.
