**3.2 A radiography perspective**

The first example we will refer to is from diagnostics where phantoms (**Figure 1**) and computer tomography (CT) technology are used [8]. CT is an X-ray machine using ionizing radiation for imaging. Ionizing radiation can be harmful to humans and should be held as low as possible. It is therefore not possible to test the impact of different CT parameters on image quality and patient dose by scanning patients in an experimental setting. Therefore, anthropomorphic phantoms are used by professionals and students to perform experimental scans in order to optimize the CT protocols used in routine CT examination of different human body parts. In this way, we avoid exposing human body parts to unnecessary radiation doses, which can be harmful and result in late side effects, such as radiation-induced cancer. The phantom used by an interdisciplinary group consisting of radiologists, physicists, radiographers, and students involved in the experiment will contribute to a close collaboration and understanding of a common goal, which in this case is to improve CT protocol optimization and improvement of patient treatment as a result of it. The phantom will also contribute to build up a feeling of mastering and coping, as well as establishment of an interaction between the team members. In other words, the phantom can be seen as an example of an interdisciplinary artifact (**Figure 2**), a boundary object [28] where different professionals can connect to understand a phenomenon with different backgrounds. Another example is using digital questionnaires, which can also be interdisciplinary where one looks at how one can use a digital tool to gain a deeper understanding of a topic. In this example, a questionnaire was used to explore the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on radiation technologists in Norway and Canada [29]. Boundary objects in this context can be an object such as a phantom or a method such as a digital questionnaire.

**Figure 1.** *Phantoms, detail.*
