**2. Etiology**

Adhesions are the result of tissue injury, likely to occur by the injury of an incision, electrocoagulation trauma and sutures, infection, or by foreign bodies damaging the parietal and visceral peritoneum, which reacts forming abundant aberrant peritoneal healing and scars [1, 3]. Ischemia has been proposed as the most important injury that leads to adhesion development. Another possible underlying mechanism may be a deficient, suppressed, or overwhelmed natural immune system [1].

The most common location of adhesion is within the abdominal cavity and the pelvis. Abdominal adhesions are a common complication of surgery. The most common is in the small intestinal. Pelvic adhesions may involve any organ, such as the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, or bladder, and usually occur after surgery. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) results from an infection that frequently leads to adhesions within the fallopian tubes. Fallopian adhesions can lead to infertility and increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy. Endometriosis may also cause pelvic adhesions.
