*5.1.1 Preoperative evaluation*

Preoperative evaluation should be taken from patient's general medical condition and prior surgical history, especially abdominal surgery. The evaluation could be prepared by understanding patient's medical history and performing a complete physical examination. Careful attention can substantiate the suspicion of adhesions including medical history, current medications, allergies to medications, food, or environmental agents, previous surgical procedures, family history, and others. Repeated laparotomies, including Cesarean sections (C-sections), maybe a risk factor for intra-abdominal adhesion. Informed consent is taken after preoperative discussion which includes a description of the surgical procedure and its expected outcomes and risks like adhesion. This is the basis for obtaining signed informed consent [16, 17]. Intra-abdominal adhesions are diagnosed intra-operatively. Evidence points of adhesions may be yielded by high-resolution ultrasonography and functional MRI; both could detect limited movement relative. To one another of organs joined by adhesions [17].
